Bump sphinx from 5.3.0 to 7.3.7 #18

Job	Run time
cpp_build (ubuntu-latest)	11s
cpp_build (windows-latest)	14s
py_build_test (ubuntu-latest, 3.7)	38s
cpp_build (macos-latest)	16s
py_build_test (ubuntu-latest, 3.8)	28s
py_build_test (ubuntu-latest, 3.9)	31s
py_build_test (ubuntu-latest, 3.10)	31s
py_build_test (ubuntu-latest, 3.11)	25s
py_build_test (ubuntu-latest, 3.12)	25s
py_build_test (windows-latest, 3.7)	32s
py_build_test (windows-latest, 3.8)	33s
py_build_test (windows-latest, 3.9)	10s
py_build_test (windows-latest, 3.10)	29s
py_build_test (windows-latest, 3.11)	27s
py_build_test (windows-latest, 3.12)	36s
py_build_test (macos-latest, 3.7)	25s
py_build_test (macos-latest, 3.8)	1s
py_build_test (macos-latest, 3.9)	5s
py_build_test (macos-latest, 3.10)	36s
py_build_test (macos-latest, 3.11)	35s
py_build_test (macos-latest, 3.12)	36s
py_build_test (windows-latest, mingw64, msys2)	7s
package_sdist	0s
package_wheels	0s
	8m 51s

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