feat: add simplify_polygon_hull method

The feature is equal to [ST_SimplifyPolygonHull](https://postgis.net/docs/ST_SimplifyPolygonHull.html) in PostGIS.

> Computes a simplified topology-preserving outer or inner hull of a polygonal geometry.
> An outer hull completely covers the input geometry.
> An inner hull is completely covered by the input geometry.
> The result is a polygonal geometry formed by a subset of the input vertices.
> MultiPolygons and holes are handled and produce a result with the same structure as the input.
> https://postgis.net/docs/ST_SimplifyPolygonHull.html

Utilizes the `GEOSPolygonHullSimplify` method introduced in [GEOS 3.11.0](https://github.com/libgeos/geos/releases/tag/3.11.0).

- libgeos/geos#603
- locationtech/jts#861
- libgeos/geos@1b3521c

History.md

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+### Unreleased
+
+**Minor Changes**
+
+* Add `simplify_polygon_hull` method to the CAPI factory (@oleksii-leonov) [#366](https://github.com/rgeo/rgeo/pull/366)
+
 ### 3.0.1 / 2023-11-15
 
 **Minor Changes**

ext/geos_c_impl/extconf.rb

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ def create_dummy_makefile
   have_func("GEOSUnaryUnion_r", "geos_c.h")
   have_func("GEOSCoordSeq_isCCW_r", "geos_c.h")
   have_func("GEOSDensify", "geos_c.h")
+  have_func("GEOSPolygonHullSimplify", "geos_c.h")
   have_func("rb_memhash", "ruby.h")
   have_func("rb_gc_mark_movable", "ruby.h")
 end

ext/geos_c_impl/geometry.c

@@ -831,6 +831,32 @@ method_geometry_simplify_preserve_topology(VALUE self, VALUE tolerance)
   return result;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+method_geometry_simplify_polygon_hull(VALUE self,
+                                      VALUE vertex_fraction,
+                                      VALUE is_outer)
+{
+  VALUE result;
+  RGeo_GeometryData* self_data;
+  const GEOSGeometry* self_geom;
+  VALUE factory;
+
+  unsigned int is_outer_uint = RTEST(is_outer) ? 1 : 0;
+
+  result = Qnil;
+  self_data = RGEO_GEOMETRY_DATA_PTR(self);
+  self_geom = self_data->geom;
+  if (self_geom) {
+    factory = self_data->factory;
+    result = rgeo_wrap_geos_geometry(
+      factory,
+      GEOSPolygonHullSimplify(
+        self_geom, is_outer_uint, rb_num2dbl(vertex_fraction)),
+      Qnil);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
 static VALUE
 method_geometry_convex_hull(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1329,6 +1355,14 @@ rgeo_init_geos_geometry()
     geos_geometry_methods, "make_valid", method_geometry_make_valid, 0);
   rb_define_method(
     geos_geometry_methods, "polygonize", method_geometry_polygonize, 0);
+
+#ifdef RGEO_GEOS_SUPPORTS_POLYGON_HULL_SIMPLIFY
+  rb_define_method(geos_geometry_methods,
+                   "simplify_polygon_hull",
+                   method_geometry_simplify_polygon_hull,
+                   2);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef RGEO_GEOS_SUPPORTS_DENSIFY
   rb_define_method(
     geos_geometry_methods, "segmentize", method_geometry_segmentize, 1);

ext/geos_c_impl/preface.h

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_GEOSDENSIFY
 #define RGEO_GEOS_SUPPORTS_DENSIFY
 #endif
+#ifdef HAVE_GEOSPOLYGONHULLSIMPLIFY
+#define RGEO_GEOS_SUPPORTS_POLYGON_HULL_SIMPLIFY
+#endif
 #ifdef HAVE_RB_GC_MARK_MOVABLE
 #define mark rb_gc_mark_movable
 #else

test/geos_capi/polygon_test.rb

@@ -98,6 +98,160 @@ def test_simplify_preserve_topology
     end
   end
 
+  def test_simplify_polygon_hull
+    skip_geos_version_less_then("3.11")
+
+    # Input polygon (8 vertices):
+    # +-----+
+    # |     |
+    # +---+ |
+    #     | |
+    # +---+ |
+    # |     |
+    # +-----+
+    input_polygon = @factory.parse_wkt("POLYGON ((0 0, 0 2, 4 2, 4 4, 0 4, 0 6, 6 6, 6 0, 0 0))")
+
+    # Exected polygon with `is_outer` true and `vertex_fraction` 0.0 (minimum possible to cover the polygon):
+    # +-----+
+    # |     |
+    # |     |
+    # |     |
+    # |     |
+    # |     |
+    # +-----+
+    expected_polygon_outer_true_vert0 = @factory.parse_wkt("POLYGON ((0 0, 0 6, 6 6, 6 0, 0 0))")
+
+    # Exected polygon with `is_outer` true and `vertex_fraction` 0.500001 (4 vertices):
+    # +-----+
+    # |     |
+    # |     |
+    # |     |
+    # |     |
+    # |     |
+    # +-----+
+    expected_polygon_outer_true_vert0500001 = @factory.parse_wkt("POLYGON ((0 0, 0 6, 6 6, 6 0, 0 0))")
+
+    # Exected polygon with `is_outer` true and `vertex_fraction` 0.750001 (6 vertices):
+    # +-----+
+    # |     |
+    # +     |
+    # |     |
+    # +     |
+    # |     |
+    # +-----+
+    expected_polygon_outer_true_vert0750001 = @factory.parse_wkt("POLYGON ((0 0, 0 2, 0 4, 0 6, 6 6, 6 0, 0 0))")
+
+    # Exected polygon with `is_outer` true and `vertex_fraction` 1.0 (all vertices):
+    # +-----+
+    # |     |
+    # +---+ |
+    #     | |
+    # +---+ |
+    # |     |
+    # +-----+
+    expected_polygon_outer_true_vert1 = input_polygon
+
+    # Exected polygon with `is_outer` false and `vertex_fraction` 0 (minimum possible, triangle):
+    # Version 1:
+    # +-----+
+    #   \  /
+    #     +
+    #
+    #
+    #
+    #
+    # Version 2:
+    #       +
+    #      /|
+    #     + |
+    #     | |
+    #      \|
+    #      ||
+    #       +
+    # NOTE: We could receve 2 different results here, depending on the GEOS version and OS.
+    #       Both are valid results, so we check for any.
+    expected_polygons_outer_false_vert0 = [
+      @factory.parse_wkt("POLYGON ((6 6, 0 6, 4 4, 6 6))"),
+      @factory.parse_wkt("POLYGON ((6 0, 6 6, 4 2, 6 0))")
+    ]
+
+    # Exected polygon with `is_outer` false and `vertex_fraction` 0.5 (3 vertices):
+    # NOTE: `vertex_fraction` 0.5 shoud give us 4 vertices (8 * 0.5). But we have only 3 vertices in the result.
+    #       To get 4 vertices in the result we need to use `vertex_fraction` 0.500001.
+    #       Documenting this behavior of GEOSPolygonHullSimplify as is.
+    expected_polygons_outer_false_vert05 = expected_polygons_outer_false_vert0
+
+    # Exected polygon with `is_outer` false and `vertex_fraction` 0.500001 (4 vertices):
+    # Version 1:
+    # +-----+
+    #   \   |
+    #     + |
+    #     | |
+    #      \|
+    #      ||
+    #       +
+    # Version 2:
+    #       +
+    #      ||
+    #      /|
+    #     | |
+    #     + |
+    #   /   |
+    # +-----+
+    # NOTE: We could receve 2 different results here, depending on the GEOS version and OS.
+    #       Both are valid results, so we check for any.
+    expected_polygons_outer_false_vert0500001 = [
+      @factory.parse_wkt("POLYGON ((6 0, 6 6, 0 6, 4 4, 6 0))"),
+      @factory.parse_wkt("POLYGON ((0 0, 6 0, 6 6, 4 2, 0 0))")
+    ]
+
+    # Exected polygon with `is_outer` false and `vertex_fraction` 1.0 (all vertices):
+    # +-----+
+    # |     |
+    # +---+ |
+    #     | |
+    # +---+ |
+    # |     |
+    # +-----+
+    expected_polygon_outer_false_vert1 = input_polygon
+
+    # With `is_outer` true:
+    assert_equal(
+      expected_polygon_outer_true_vert0,
+      input_polygon.simplify_polygon_hull(0.0, true)
+    )
+    assert_equal(
+      expected_polygon_outer_true_vert0500001,
+      input_polygon.simplify_polygon_hull(0.500001, true)
+    )
+    assert_equal(
+      expected_polygon_outer_true_vert0750001,
+      input_polygon.simplify_polygon_hull(0.750001, true)
+    )
+    assert_equal(
+      expected_polygon_outer_true_vert1,
+      input_polygon.simplify_polygon_hull(1.0, true)
+    )
+
+    # With `is_outer` false:
+    assert_includes(
+      expected_polygons_outer_false_vert0,
+      input_polygon.simplify_polygon_hull(0.0, false)
+    )
+    assert_includes(
+      expected_polygons_outer_false_vert05,
+      input_polygon.simplify_polygon_hull(0.5, false)
+    )
+    assert_includes(
+      expected_polygons_outer_false_vert0500001,
+      input_polygon.simplify_polygon_hull(0.500001, false)
+    )
+    assert_equal(
+      expected_polygon_outer_false_vert1,
+      input_polygon.simplify_polygon_hull(1.0, false)
+    )
+  end
+
   def test_buffer_with_style
     polygon_coordinates = [[0.514589803375032, 4.299999999999999],
                            [6.0, 4.3],