Udemy Tutorial - Vim Masterclass (Jason Cannon)

1. Vim Essentials

1.1. Navigation Commands

1.1.1. Moving the cursor by one line or one character

• press j to move down a line
• press k to move up a line
• press l to move the right
• press h to move the left

1.1.2. Moving the cursor by page

• Ctrl-f is the same as the Page Down
• Ctrl-b is the same as the Page Up

1.1.3. Moving the cursor by word

• Use w to move forward by word.
• Use Shift-w to move forward and ignore punctuation
• Use b to move backward by word.
• Use Shift-b to move backward and ignore punctuation
• Use 0 or Shift-^ to move to the first character in the line
• Use Shift-$ or : + $ to move to the end character in the line

1.1.4. Movint the cursor to specific line number

• Use number + gg or number + Shift-g or : + number + press Enter to go to specific line
• Use gg to go to first line in the file
• Use Shift-g to go to last line in the file
• Turn on : + set ruler to get cursor location
• Turn off : + set noruler to disable to show line infor
• Or toggle turn on/off the ruler just use : + ruler!
• Use Ctrl-g to show how many lines in the file and cursor location
• Use g + Ctrl-g to get more information about the current cursor location

1.2. Deleting or Text

1.2.1. Deleting individual characters

• Use x or d + l to delete a character at the cursor
• Use Shift-x or d + h to delete a character left the cursor and the character at the cursor will not be deleted

1.2.2. Deleting motions

• d + j to delete current line you're on and the line below it
• d + k to delete current line you're on and the line above it
• Use d + w to delete a word
• Use number + d + w or d + number + w to delete how many words
• Use number + d + number + w to delete how many words by how many times

1.2.3. Deleting lines

• Use d + 0 to delete all the way to the beginning of the line from your current cursor position
• Use d + $ or Shift-d* to delete current cursor position all the way to the end of the line
• Use d + d to delete the entire line
• Use number + d + d to delete how many lines
• Use . to repeat the previous command

2. The Vim Help System

2.1. Getting help

• Use : + h to open vim help document
• Use : + h + command(ex: i) to look information on the command

3. Deleting=Cut, Yanking=Copy & Putting=Paste

• d and x cut text, not just delete it.
• cut = delete and save into a register.
• Register is a clipboard-like storage locattion.

Putting lines above or below

• Use p to place a text on the line below where the cursor is.
• Use shift-p to place a text on the line up where the cursor is.

Duplicate word

• Use number + y + w or y + number + w to copy spesifed the numbers word.

Duplicate lines

• Use number + yy to duplicate spesified the numbers line.
• Use u to undo it
• Use Ctrl-r to redo it

Numbered registers

• Use :reg to look at the registers
• Unnamed register = "" store most recent register
• Numbered registers = 0 1 ... 9
• holds text from d, c, s, x, and y operations.
• 0 holds last text yanked (y).
• 1 holds last text deleted (d) or changed (c).
• Numbered registers shift with each d or c.
• Use black hole register "_ will not register in Registers
• Use 26 named registers from a to z (Captial A to B will append to a to b), like "a to specify a register, then copy it by useing yy
• Use "A + yy to append new line after regist "a
• Use the register, you can use "a + p to paste the line you registered or in multiple case number + p
• Use :reg space a to look at a specific register or in multiple case add mutiple named and numbered registers

4. Transforming and Substituting Text

4.1. Inserting, Changing, Replacing, and Jointing

• Use shift-i to jump to the first non blank character in the line and switch to insert mode.
• Use i to switch to insert mode but the cursor will not jump.
• Use a to append text after the current cursor position.
• Use shift-a to jump to end of the line and place you in insert mode.
• Use o to begin a new line below the cursor and place you in insert mode.
• Use shift-o to create a line above the current line and start inserting mode
• Use number + i + symbols/charctors + Esc to create a line that contains numbers of symbols/characters
• Use number + o + symbols/charctors + Esc to create numbers line that contains numbers of symbols/characters
• Use shif-r to place you to replace mode
• Use r + symbol/character to replace the current cursor character. Note it just can replace one character.
• Use c + w to change/delete a word where is the cursor on that word of the beginning. Then you will into insert mode.
• Use c + $ or shift-c to replace from your current cursor position all the way through the end of the line.
• Use cc to replace entire line of text
• Use ~ to change lowercase to uppercase vice versa
• Use g + ~ + w to change the case of a word
• Use g + ~ + $ or 0 to change the case from current cursor position to the end of the line or beginning of the line
• Use g + ~~ to change the case of the entire line no matter the cursor where is it.
• Use g + u or shift-u + w to change the case of the word to lowercase or uppercase no matter what case they were before.
• Use g + uu or shift-u shift-u to change the case of the entire line no matter what case they were before.
• Use shift-j to combine two lines on one line. But between the two sentences will have two space.
• Use numbers + shift-j to combine all numbers of lines to join together.
• Use g + shift-j to combine two lines and will not have space between two sentences.

4.2. Search, Find and Replace - Part One

• Use f + character or shift-character to move your cursor to the next occurrence of the character or captital character on the line.
• Use shift-f + character or shift-character to move your cursor to the before occurrence of the character or captital character on the line.
• Use ; to repeat the search go before.
• Use , to repeat the search go back.
• Use t + character or shift-character to move the curcor back a given character.
• Use shift-t + character or shift-character to move the curcor before a given character.
• Use d + t + character or d + f + character to delete it from the current cursor to a given character.
• Use / + character + enter to search next character entire file.
• Use n to keep searching next one.
• Use shift-n to search reverse direction.
• Use :set is to turn on incremental search which is can directely find the character without press enter.
• Use :set nois to turn off
• Use :set is? to check the status
• Use :set hls to appear seaching is highlight.
• Use :nohls to turn off highlight and use :set nohls to disable it.
• Move cursor under or nearest the word then shift- to search the word. You can repeat it or use n, shift-n to find next one.
• Use shift-# to find the word from backward.

4.3. Search, Find and Replace - Part Two

• Use :s/ + old/ + new/ to replace old to new.
• Use :s/ + old/ + new/ + g to replace all in the line.
• Use :number + s/ + old/ + new/ + g to replace the word in number of lines.
• Use :number,number + s/ + old/ + new/ + g to replace the word from number of line to number of line.
• Use :% + s/ + old/ + new/ + g to replace the word entire of the file.
• Use :/pattern1/,/pattern2/ + s/ + old/ + new/ + g to replace the word from pattern1 to pattern2.
• Use :/pattern1/,$ + s/ + old/ + new/ + g to replace the word from patter1 to last line of the file.
• Use :s/ + #old/old1/old2 + #/new/new1/new2# to replace the words with slashs.
• Use :set + nu to enable show line numbers. Use nonu to disable that. Or use nu! to toggle line numbers.

4.4. Text Objects and Macros

• Use d + a + w to delete a word if your cursor is not at the beginning of the word.
• Use d + i + w to change inner word if your cursor is not at the beginning of the word.
• Use d + a + s to delete a sentence if your cursor is not at the beginning of the sentence.
• Use d + i + s to delete a inner sentence if your cursor is not at the beginning of the sentence. But the space still remains.
• Use d + a + p to delete a paragraph if your cursor is not at the beginning of the sentence.
• Use d + i + p to delete a inner paragraph if your cursor is not at the beginning of the paragraph. But the space still remains.
• Use c + i + [ to delete everything within the brackets.
• Use c + a + [ to delete everything within the brackets include the brackets themselves.
• Use c + i + ( to delete everything within the parentheses.
• Use c + a + ( to delete everything within the parentheses include the parentheses themselves.
• Use y + i + < to yank the text from inside the brackets.
• Use y + a + < to yank the text include the entil angle brackets.
• Use c + i + t to change the entire contents when place your cursor at the line that starts with <>. Change to d for deleting.
• Use c + a + t to change the entire contents include the angle brackets.

5. Visual Mode

5.1. Visual Mode - Part 1

• Use v to start characterwise visual mode.
• Use V to start linewise visual mode
• Use Ctrl-v to start blockwise visual mode.
• Use Shift+i in visual block mode to multi edit lines