[encointer] introduce democracy and community treasuries (#456)

Over the past few months, Encointer has developed a democracy pallet
with one-person-one-vote governance for local communities. We think
we're ready to experiment with our real communities on mainnet.

The governance scope of local democracy is restricted to 

* properties of the local community itself (like amount of [basic
community-issued income](https://book.encointer.org/economics-ubi.html))
* spending of its own treasury funds (currently restricted to KSM). see
[towards
sustainability](https://forum.polkadot.network/t/towards-encointer-self-sustainability/4195)
* petitions (`system.remark`)

Therefore, no special `Origin` is granted which could affect the KSM
token or other parts of Kusama.

In contrast to token voting on *OpenGov*, Encointer democracy aims at
**one-person-one-vote**, enabled by its sybil-resilient
proof-of-personhood protocol. In practice, it will be
one-cycle-attendance-one-vote, which is a pretty decent approximation
with some additional weight given to those who participate in the
protocol more actively

Relevant pallet code
* https://github.com/encointer/pallets/tree/master/democracy
* work partially funded by a [w3f
grant](https://grants.web3.foundation/applications/democratic-governance-1)
* https://github.com/encointer/pallets/tree/master/treasuries / [initial
MVP PR](encointer/pallets#401)

Design documents:
* https://book.encointer.org/protocol-democracy.html
* initial forum post introducing the design:
https://forum.polkadot.network/t/encointers-grassroots-democracy-prototype/9009

Testing on Testnet Gesell
* https://book.encointer.org/tutorials-democracy.html
* https://book.encointer.org/tutorials-treasuries.html

Testing with bot communities (check CI logs)
* encointer/encointer-node#370

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 
 - Allow signed origins to send arbitrary XCMs from some system chains ([polkadot-fellows/runtimes#407](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/pull/407))
 - Include the Core and Salary pallets into the Fellowship proxy ([polkadot-fellows/runtimes#454](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/pull/454))
+- Add new community democracy and treasuries pallets to Encointer ([polkadot-fellows/runtimes#456](https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/runtimes/pull/456))
 
 ### Fixed
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ emulated-integration-tests-common = { version = "11.0.0" }
 encointer-balances-tx-payment = { version = "~13.1.0", default-features = false }
 encointer-balances-tx-payment-rpc-runtime-api = { version = "~13.1.0", default-features = false }
 encointer-kusama-runtime = { path = "system-parachains/encointer" }
-encointer-primitives = { version = "~13.2.0", default-features = false }
+encointer-primitives = { version = "~13.3.0", default-features = false }
 enumflags2 = { version = "0.7.7" }
 frame-benchmarking = { version = "36.0.0", default-features = false }
 frame-election-provider-support = { version = "36.0.0", default-features = false }
@@ -114,9 +114,12 @@ pallet-encointer-ceremonies = { version = "~13.1.0", default-features = false }
 pallet-encointer-ceremonies-rpc-runtime-api = { version = "~13.1.0", default-features = false }
 pallet-encointer-communities = { version = "~13.1.0", default-features = false }
 pallet-encointer-communities-rpc-runtime-api = { version = "~13.1.0", default-features = false }
+pallet-encointer-democracy = { version = "~13.3.2", default-features = false }
 pallet-encointer-faucet = { version = "~13.2.0", default-features = false }
 pallet-encointer-reputation-commitments = { version = "~13.1.0", default-features = false }
 pallet-encointer-scheduler = { version = "~13.1.0", default-features = false }
+pallet-encointer-treasuries = { version = "~13.3.0", default-features = false }
+pallet-encointer-treasuries-rpc-runtime-api = { version = "~13.3.0", default-features = false }
 pallet-fast-unstake = { version = "35.0.0", default-features = false }
 pallet-glutton = { version = "22.0.0", default-features = false }
 pallet-grandpa = { version = "36.0.0", default-features = false }

system-parachains/encointer/Cargo.toml

@@ -36,9 +36,12 @@ pallet-encointer-ceremonies = { workspace = true }
 pallet-encointer-ceremonies-rpc-runtime-api = { workspace = true }
 pallet-encointer-communities = { workspace = true }
 pallet-encointer-communities-rpc-runtime-api = { workspace = true }
+pallet-encointer-democracy = { workspace = true }
 pallet-encointer-faucet = { workspace = true }
 pallet-encointer-reputation-commitments = { workspace = true }
 pallet-encointer-scheduler = { workspace = true }
+pallet-encointer-treasuries = { workspace = true }
+pallet-encointer-treasuries-rpc-runtime-api = { workspace = true }
 
 
 # Substrate
@@ -132,9 +135,11 @@ runtime-benchmarks = [
 	"pallet-encointer-bazaar/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-encointer-ceremonies/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-encointer-communities/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pallet-encointer-democracy/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-encointer-faucet/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-encointer-reputation-commitments/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-encointer-scheduler/runtime-benchmarks",
+	"pallet-encointer-treasuries/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-membership/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-message-queue/runtime-benchmarks",
 	"pallet-proxy/runtime-benchmarks",
@@ -188,9 +193,12 @@ std = [
 	"pallet-encointer-ceremonies/std",
 	"pallet-encointer-communities-rpc-runtime-api/std",
 	"pallet-encointer-communities/std",
+	"pallet-encointer-democracy/std",
 	"pallet-encointer-faucet/std",
 	"pallet-encointer-reputation-commitments/std",
 	"pallet-encointer-scheduler/std",
+	"pallet-encointer-treasuries-rpc-runtime-api/std",
+	"pallet-encointer-treasuries/std",
 	"pallet-insecure-randomness-collective-flip/std",
 	"pallet-membership/std",
 	"pallet-message-queue/std",
@@ -253,9 +261,11 @@ try-runtime = [
 	"pallet-encointer-bazaar/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-encointer-ceremonies/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-encointer-communities/try-runtime",
+	"pallet-encointer-democracy/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-encointer-faucet/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-encointer-reputation-commitments/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-encointer-scheduler/try-runtime",
+	"pallet-encointer-treasuries/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-insecure-randomness-collective-flip/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-membership/try-runtime",
 	"pallet-message-queue/try-runtime",

system-parachains/encointer/src/genesis_config_presets.rs

@@ -60,6 +60,36 @@ fn encointer_kusama_genesis(
 		"polkadotXcm": {
 			"safeXcmVersion": Some(SAFE_XCM_VERSION),
 		},
+		"encointerScheduler": {
+			"currentPhase": CeremonyPhaseType::Registering,
+			"currentCeremonyIndex": 1,
+			"phaseDurations": vec![
+				(CeremonyPhaseType::Registering, 604800000u64), // 7d
+				(CeremonyPhaseType::Assigning, 86400000u64),    // 1d
+				(CeremonyPhaseType::Attesting, 172800000u64),   // 2d
+			],
+		},
+		"encointerCeremonies": {
+			"ceremonyReward": BalanceType::from_num(1),
+			"timeTolerance": 600_000u64,   // +-10min
+			"locationTolerance": 1_000, // [m]
+			"endorsementTicketsPerBootstrapper": 10,
+			"endorsementTicketsPerReputable": 5,
+			"reputationLifetime": 5,
+			"inactivityTimeout": 5, // idle ceremonies before purging community
+			"meetupTimeOffset": 0,
+		},
+		"encointerCommunities": {
+			"minSolarTripTimeS": 1, // [s]
+			"maxSpeedMps": 1,         // [m/s] suggested would be 83m/s for security,
+		},
+		"encointerBalances": {
+			// for relative adjustment.
+			"feeConversionFactor": 7_143u32,
+		},
+		"encointerFaucet": {
+			"reserveAmount": 10_000_000_000_000u128,
+		},
 		// no need to pass anything to aura, in fact it will panic if we do. Session will take care
 		// of this. `aura: Default::default()`
 	})

system-parachains/encointer/src/lib.rs

@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ use frame_support::{
 	traits::{
 		fungibles::{Balanced, Credit},
 		tokens::{imbalance::ResolveTo, ConversionToAssetBalance},
-		ConstBool, ConstU64, Contains, EitherOfDiverse, EqualPrivilegeOnly, InstanceFilter,
-		TransformOrigin,
+		ConstBool, ConstU128, ConstU64, Contains, EitherOfDiverse, EqualPrivilegeOnly,
+		InstanceFilter, TransformOrigin,
 	},
 	weights::{ConstantMultiplier, Weight, WeightToFee as _},
 	PalletId,
@@ -545,6 +545,29 @@ impl pallet_encointer_faucet::Config for Runtime {
 	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_encointer_faucet::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
 }
 
+parameter_types! {
+	pub const ConfirmationPeriod: Moment = 2 * 24 * 3600 * 1000; // [ms]
+	pub const ProposalLifetime: Moment = 9 * 24 * 3600 * 1000; // [ms]
+}
+
+impl pallet_encointer_democracy::Config for Runtime {
+	type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+	type MaxReputationCount = ConstU32<64>;
+	type ConfirmationPeriod = ConfirmationPeriod;
+	type ProposalLifetime = ProposalLifetime;
+	type MinTurnout = ConstU128<50>; // perthousand of electorate: 1 = 0.1%, 50 = 5.0%
+	type WeightInfo = weights::pallet_encointer_democracy::WeightInfo<Runtime>;
+}
+
+parameter_types! {
+	pub const TreasuriesPalletId: PalletId = PalletId(*b"trsrysId");
+}
+impl pallet_encointer_treasuries::Config for Runtime {
+	type RuntimeEvent = RuntimeEvent;
+	type Currency = pallet_balances::Pallet<Runtime>;
+	type PalletId = TreasuriesPalletId;
+}
+
 impl pallet_aura::Config for Runtime {
 	type AuthorityId = AuraId;
 	type DisabledValidators = ();
@@ -724,6 +747,8 @@ construct_runtime! {
 		EncointerBazaar: pallet_encointer_bazaar = 64,
 		EncointerReputationCommitments: pallet_encointer_reputation_commitments = 65,
 		EncointerFaucet: pallet_encointer_faucet = 66,
+		EncointerDemocracy: pallet_encointer_democracy = 67,
+		EncointerTreasuries: pallet_encointer_treasuries = 68,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -788,6 +813,7 @@ mod benches {
 		[pallet_encointer_bazaar, EncointerBazaar]
 		[pallet_encointer_ceremonies, EncointerCeremonies]
 		[pallet_encointer_communities, EncointerCommunities]
+		[pallet_encointer_democracy, EncointerDemocracy]
 		[pallet_encointer_faucet, EncointerFaucet]
 		[pallet_encointer_reputation_commitments, EncointerReputationCommitments]
 		[pallet_encointer_scheduler, EncointerScheduler]
@@ -1031,6 +1057,13 @@ impl_runtime_apis! {
 		}
 	}
 
+	impl pallet_encointer_treasuries_rpc_runtime_api::TreasuriesApi<Block, AccountId> for Runtime {
+
+		fn get_community_treasury_account_unchecked(maybecid: &Option<CommunityIdentifier>) -> AccountId {
+			EncointerTreasuries::get_community_treasury_account_unchecked(*maybecid)
+		}
+	}
+
 	impl sp_genesis_builder::GenesisBuilder<Block> for Runtime {
 		fn build_state(config: Vec<u8>) -> sp_genesis_builder::Result {
 			build_state::<RuntimeGenesisConfig>(config)