Shift

The Shift library project manages work schedules. A work schedule consists of one or more teams who rotate through a sequence of shift and off-shift periods of time. The Shift project allows breaks during shifts to be defined as well as non-working periods of time (e.g. holidays and scheduled maintenance periods) that are applicable to the entire work schedule. This Java library is used in an OEE project that can be found at https://github.com/point85/OEE-Designer. The Shift library is also available in C# at https://github.com/point85/ShiftSharp and in Python at https://github.com/point85/PyShift.

Concepts

The diagram below illustrates Business Management Systems' DNO (Day, Night, Off) work schedule with three teams and two 12-hour shifts with a 3-day rotation. This schedule is explained in http://community.bmscentral.com/learnss/ZC/3T/c3tr12-1.

Shift

A shift is defined with a name, description, starting time of day and duration. An off-shift period is associated with a shift. In the example above for Team1, there are two shifts followed by one off-shift period. Shifts can be overlapped (typically when a handoff of duties is important such as in the nursing profession). A rotation is a sequence of shifts and off-shift days. The DNO rotation is Day on, Night on and Night off. An instance of a shift has a starting date and time of day and has an associated shift definition.

Break

A break is a defined working period of time during a shift, for example lunch. A shift can have zero or more breaks.

Team

A team is defined with a name and description. It has a rotation with a starting date. The starting date shift will have an instance with that date and a starting time of day as defined by the shift. The same rotation can be shared between more than one team, but with different starting times.

Team Member

A team member is a person assigned to a team. The member is identified by a member ID (e.g. employee ID), name and description/title.

Team Member Exception

A team member exception is an addition and/or removal from the assigned members of a team for a specified shift instance. The instance is identified by the starting date and time.

Work Schedule

A work schedule is defined with a name and description. It has one or more teams. Zero or more non-working periods can be defined. A non-working period has a defined starting date and time of day and duration. For example, the New Year's Day holiday starting at midnight for 24 hours, or three consecutive days for preventive maintenance of manufacturing equipment starting at the end of the night shift.

After a work schedule is defined, the working time for all shifts can be computed for a defined time interval. For example, this duration of time is the maximum available productive time as an input to the calculation of the utilization of equipment in a metric known as the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE).

Rotation

A rotation is a sequence of working periods (segments). Each segment starts with a shift and specifies the number of days on-shift and off-shift. A work schedule can have more than one rotation.

Non-Working Period

A non-working period is a duration of time where no teams are working. For example, a holiday or a period of time when a plant is shutdown for preventative maintenance. A non-working period starts at a defined day and time of day and continues for the specified duration of time.

Shift Instance

A shift instance is the duration of time from a specified date and time of day and continues for the duration of the associated shift. A team works this shift instance.

Examples

The DNO schedule discussed above is defined as follows.

String description = "This is a fast rotation plan that uses 3 teams and two 12-hr shifts to provide 24/7 coverage. "
		+ "Each team rotates through the following sequence every three days: 1 day shift, 1 night shift, and 1 day off.";

WorkSchedule schedule = new WorkSchedule("DNO Plan", description);

// Day shift, starts at 07:00 for 12 hours
Shift day = schedule.createShift("Day", "Day shift", LocalTime.of(7, 0, 0), Duration.ofHours(12));

// Night shift, starts at 19:00 for 12 hours
Shift night = schedule.createShift("Night", "Night shift", LocalTime.of(19, 0, 0), Duration.ofHours(12));

// rotation
Rotation rotation = new Rotation("DNO", "DNO");
rotation.addSegment(day, 1, 0);
rotation.addSegment(night, 1, 1);

schedule.createTeam("Team 1", "First team", rotation, referenceDate);
schedule.createTeam("Team 2", "Second team", rotation, referenceDate.minusDays(1));
schedule.createTeam("Team 3", "Third team", rotation, referenceDate.minusDays(2));

To obtain the working time over three days starting at 07:00, the following methods are called:

LocalDateTime from = LocalDateTime.of(referenceDate, LocalTime.of(7, 0, 0));
Duration duration = schedule.calculateWorkingTime(from, from.plusDays(3));

To obtain the shift instances for a date, the following method is called:

List<ShiftInstance> instances = schedule.getShiftInstancesForDay(LocalDate.of(2017, 3, 1));

To print a work schedule, call the toString() method. For example:

Schedule: DNO Plan (This is a fast rotation plan that uses 3 teams and two 12-hr shifts to provide 24/7 coverage. Each team rotates through the following sequence every three days: 1 day shift, 1 night shift, and 1 day off.)
Rotation duration: PT216H, Scheduled working time: PT72H
Shifts: 
   (1) Day (Day shift), Start : 07:00 (PT12H), End : 19:00
   (2) Night (Night shift), Start : 19:00 (PT12H), End : 07:00
Teams: 
   (1) Team 1 (First team), Rotation start: 2016-10-31, Rotation periods: [Day (on), Night (on), (off) ], Rotation duration: PT72H, Days in rotation: 3, Scheduled working time: PT24H, Percentage worked: 33.33%, Average hours worked per week: PT56H
   (2) Team 2 (Second team), Rotation start: 2016-10-30, Rotation periods: [Day (on), Night (on),(off) ], Rotation duration: PT72H, Days in rotation: 3, Scheduled working time: PT24H, Percentage worked: 33.33%, Average hours worked per week: PT56H
   (3) Team 3 (Third team), Rotation start: 2016-10-29, Rotation periods: [Day (on), Night (on), (off) ], Rotation duration: PT72H, Days in rotation: 3, Scheduled working time: PT24H, Percentage worked: 33.33%, Average hours worked per week: PT56H
Total team coverage: 100%

To print shift instances between two dates, the following method is called:

schedule.printShiftInstances(LocalDate.of(2016, 10, 31), LocalDate.of(2016, 11, 3)));

with output:

Working shifts
[1] Day: 2016-10-31
   (1) Team: Team 1, Shift: Day, Start : 2016-10-31T07:00, End : 2016-10-31T19:00
   (2) Team: Team 2, Shift: Night, Start : 2016-10-31T19:00, End : 2016-11-01T07:00
[2] Day: 2016-11-01
   (1) Team: Team 3, Shift: Day, Start : 2016-11-01T07:00, End : 2016-11-01T19:00
   (2) Team: Team 1, Shift: Night, Start : 2016-11-01T19:00, End : 2016-11-02T07:00
[3] Day: 2016-11-02
   (1) Team: Team 2, Shift: Day, Start : 2016-11-02T07:00, End : 2016-11-02T19:00
   (2) Team: Team 3, Shift: Night, Start : 2016-11-02T19:00, End : 2016-11-03T07:00
[4] Day: 2016-11-03
   (1) Team: Team 1, Shift: Day, Start : 2016-11-03T07:00, End : 2016-11-03T19:00
   (2) Team: Team 2, Shift: Night, Start : 2016-11-03T19:00, End : 2016-11-04T07:00

For a second example, the 24/7 schedule below has two rotations for four teams in two shifts. It is used by manufacturing companies.

WorkSchedule schedule = new WorkSchedule("Manufacturing Company - four twelves",
	"Four 12 hour alternating day/night shifts");

// day shift, start at 07:00 for 12 hours
Shift day = schedule.createShift("Day", "Day shift", LocalTime.of(7, 0, 0), Duration.ofHours(12));

// night shift, start at 19:00 for 12 hours
Shift night = schedule.createShift("Night", "Night shift", LocalTime.of(19, 0, 0), Duration.ofHours(12));

// 7 days ON, 7 OFF
Rotation dayRotation = new Rotation("Day", "Day");
dayRotation.addSegment(day, 7, 7);

// 7 nights ON, 7 OFF
Rotation nightRotation = new Rotation("Night", "Night");
nightRotation.addSegment(night, 7, 7);

schedule.createTeam("A", "A day shift", dayRotation, LocalDate.of(2014, 1, 2));
schedule.createTeam("B", "B night shift", nightRotation, LocalDate.of(2014, 1, 2));
schedule.createTeam("C", "C day shift", dayRotation, LocalDate.of(2014, 1, 9));
schedule.createTeam("D", "D night shift", nightRotation, LocalDate.of(2014, 1, 9));

When printed out for a week of shift instances, the output is:

Schedule: Manufacturing Company - four twelves (Four 12 hour alternating day/night shifts)
Rotation duration: PT1344H, Scheduled working time: PT336H
Shifts: 
   (1) Day (Day shift), Start : 07:00 (PT12H), End : 19:00
   (2) Night (Night shift), Start : 19:00 (PT12H), End : 07:00
Teams: 
   (1) A (A day shift), Rotation start: 2014-01-02, Rotation periods: [Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off) ], Rotation duration: PT336H, Days in rotation: 14, Scheduled working time: PT84H, Percentage worked: 25%, Average hours worked per week: PT42H
   (2) B (B night shift), Rotation start: 2014-01-02, Rotation periods: [Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off) ], Rotation duration: PT336H, Days in rotation: 14, Scheduled working time: PT84H, Percentage worked: 25%, Average hours worked per week: PT42H
   (3) C (C day shift), Rotation start: 2014-01-09, Rotation periods: [Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), Day (on), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off) ], Rotation duration: PT336H, Days in rotation: 14, Scheduled working time: PT84H, Percentage worked: 25%, Average hours worked per week: PT42H
   (4) D (D night shift), Rotation start: 2014-01-09, Rotation periods: [Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), Night (on), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off) ], Rotation duration: PT336H, Days in rotation: 14, Scheduled working time: PT84H, Percentage worked: 25%, Average hours worked per week: PT42H
Total team coverage: 100%
Working shifts
[1] Day: 2014-01-09
   (1) Team: C, Shift: Day, Start : 2014-01-09T07:00, End : 2014-01-09T19:00
   (2) Team: D, Shift: Night, Start : 2014-01-09T19:00, End : 2014-01-10T07:00
[2] Day: 2014-01-10
   (1) Team: C, Shift: Day, Start : 2014-01-10T07:00, End : 2014-01-10T19:00
   (2) Team: D, Shift: Night, Start : 2014-01-10T19:00, End : 2014-01-11T07:00
[3] Day: 2014-01-11
   (1) Team: C, Shift: Day, Start : 2014-01-11T07:00, End : 2014-01-11T19:00
   (2) Team: D, Shift: Night, Start : 2014-01-11T19:00, End : 2014-01-12T07:00
[4] Day: 2014-01-12
   (1) Team: C, Shift: Day, Start : 2014-01-12T07:00, End : 2014-01-12T19:00
   (2) Team: D, Shift: Night, Start : 2014-01-12T19:00, End : 2014-01-13T07:00
[5] Day: 2014-01-13
   (1) Team: C, Shift: Day, Start : 2014-01-13T07:00, End : 2014-01-13T19:00
   (2) Team: D, Shift: Night, Start : 2014-01-13T19:00, End : 2014-01-14T07:00
[6] Day: 2014-01-14
   (1) Team: C, Shift: Day, Start : 2014-01-14T07:00, End : 2014-01-14T19:00
   (2) Team: D, Shift: Night, Start : 2014-01-14T19:00, End : 2014-01-15T07:00
[7] Day: 2014-01-15
   (1) Team: C, Shift: Day, Start : 2014-01-15T07:00, End : 2014-01-15T19:00
   (2) Team: D, Shift: Night, Start : 2014-01-15T19:00, End : 2014-01-16T07:00

For a third example, the work schedule below with one 24 hour shift over an 18 day rotation for three platoons is used by Kern County California firefighters.

WorkSchedule schedule = new WorkSchedule("Kern Co.", "Three 24 hour alternating shifts");

// shift, start 07:00 for 24 hours
Shift shift = schedule.createShift("24 Hour", "24 hour shift", LocalTime.of(7, 0, 0), Duration.ofHours(24));

// 2 days ON, 2 OFF, 2 ON, 2 OFF, 2 ON, 8 OFF
Rotation rotation = new Rotation("24 Hour", "2 days ON, 2 OFF, 2 ON, 2 OFF, 2 ON, 8 OFF");
rotation.addSegment(shift, 2, 2);
rotation.addSegment(shift, 2, 2);
rotation.addSegment(shift, 2, 8);

Team platoon1 = schedule.createTeam("Red", "A Shift", rotation, LocalDate.of(2017, 1, 8));
Team platoon2 = schedule.createTeam("Black", "B Shift", rotation, LocalDate.of(2017, 2, 1));
Team platoon3 = schedule.createTeam("Green", "C Shift", rotation, LocalDate.of(2017, 1, 2));

When printed out for a week of shift instances, the output is:

Schedule: Kern Co. (Three 24 hour alternating shifts)
Rotation duration: PT1296H, Scheduled working time: PT432H
Shifts: 
   (1) 24 Hour (24 hour shift), Start : 07:00 (PT24H), End : 07:00
Teams: 
   (1) Red (A Shift), Rotation start: 2017-01-08, Rotation periods: [24 Hour (on), 24 Hour (on), (off), (off), 24 Hour (on), 24 Hour (on), (off), (off), 24 Hour (on), 24 Hour (on), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off) ], Rotation duration: PT432H, Days in rotation: 18, Scheduled working time: PT144H, Percentage worked: 33.33%, Average hours worked per week: PT56H
   (2) Black (B Shift), Rotation start: 2017-02-01, Rotation periods: [24 Hour (on), 24 Hour (on), (off), (off), 24 Hour (on), 24 Hour (on), (off), (off), 24 Hour (on), 24 Hour (on), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off) ], Rotation duration: PT432H, Days in rotation: 18, Scheduled working time: PT144H, Percentage worked: 33.33%, Average hours worked per week: PT56H
   (3) Green (C Shift), Rotation start: 2017-01-02, Rotation periods: [24 Hour (on), 24 Hour (on), (off), (off), 24 Hour (on), 24 Hour (on), (off), (off), 24 Hour (on), 24 Hour (on), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off), (off) ], Rotation duration: PT432H, Days in rotation: 18, Scheduled working time: PT144H, Percentage worked: 33.33%, Average hours worked per week: PT56H
Total team coverage: 100%
Working shifts
[1] Day: 2017-02-01
   (1) Team: Black, Shift: 24 Hour, Start : 2017-02-01T07:00, End : 2017-02-02T07:00
[2] Day: 2017-02-02
   (1) Team: Black, Shift: 24 Hour, Start : 2017-02-02T07:00, End : 2017-02-03T07:00
[3] Day: 2017-02-03
   (1) Team: Red, Shift: 24 Hour, Start : 2017-02-03T07:00, End : 2017-02-04T07:00
[4] Day: 2017-02-04
   (1) Team: Red, Shift: 24 Hour, Start : 2017-02-04T07:00, End : 2017-02-05T07:00
[5] Day: 2017-02-05
   (1) Team: Black, Shift: 24 Hour, Start : 2017-02-05T07:00, End : 2017-02-06T07:00
[6] Day: 2017-02-06
   (1) Team: Black, Shift: 24 Hour, Start : 2017-02-06T07:00, End : 2017-02-07T07:00
[7] Day: 2017-02-07
   (1) Team: Green, Shift: 24 Hour, Start : 2017-02-07T07:00, End : 2017-02-08T07:00

For a fourth example, for a restaurant shift starting at 7 am on August 8, 2024, team member #1 called in sick and is to be replaced by member #10:

// Sunday team
Team sundayDay = schedule.createTeam("SundayDay", "Sunday day", dayRotation, LocalDate.of(2024, 7, 28);
		
// chef members
TeamMember one = new TeamMember("Chef, One", "Chef", "1");
TeamMember ten = new TeamMember("Ten", "Ten description", "10");

sundayDay.addMember(one);
...
// replace one with ten
LocalDateTime exceptionShift = LocalDateTime.of(LocalDate.of(2024, 8, 11), LocalTime.of(7, 0, 0));
TeamMemberException replacement = new TeamMemberException(exceptionShift);
replacement.setRemoval(one);
replacement.setAddition(ten);
sundayDay.addMemberException(replacement);

// #1 is in the assigned list
List<TeamMember> members = sundayDay.getAssignedMembers();

// but is replaced by #10 for that shift instance:
members = sundayDay.getMembers(exceptionShift);

Maven Central Repository

Add this dependency to your pom.xml file:

<dependency>
<groupId>org.point85</groupId>
<artifactId>workschedule</artifactId>
<version>1.2.0</version>
</dependency>

Project Structure

Shift depends upon Java 8+ due to use of the java date and time classes. The unit tests depend on JUnit (http://junit.org/junit4/) and Hamcrest (http://hamcrest.org/).

Shift has the following structure:

/javadoc javadoc zip file
/doc documentation
/src/main/java - java source files
/src/main/resources - localizable .properties file to define error messages.
/src/test/java - JUnit test java source files

The binary jar file can be accessed by clicking on the "releases" link.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 87 Commits
doc		doc
javadoc		javadoc
src		src
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
Release Notes.txt		Release Notes.txt
pom.xml		pom.xml

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