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add document defining an OpenTelemetry Collector #4313

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add document defining an openTelemetry Collector
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32 changes: 32 additions & 0 deletions specification/collector/README.md
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<!--- Hugo front matter used to generate the website version of this page:
path_base_for_github_subdir:
from: tmp/otel/specification/collector/_index.md
to: collector/README.md
--->

# OpenTelemetry Collector
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OpenTelemetry Collector is never defined. Is it a source code artifact? A binary?

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That's one of the things I was trying to get at here. Since there's no binary plugin mechanism it seems that the source would need to be available for it to be extended in the manner contemplated, but that's not clear or explicit in the current state.


The goal of this document is for users to be able to easily switch between
OpenTelemetry Collector Distros while also ensuring that components produced by
the OpenTelemetry Collector SIG are able to work with any vendor who claims
support for an OpenTelemetry Collector.
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I'm not sure I understand this goal. If a vendor produces a collector distribution that has a subset of available components because those are the components relevant to their service offerings and that they're willing to support, where do any other components (whether hosted in an OTel repo or not) fit into that picture? Do we mean that a distribution must offer end users the ability to modify its source and create their own build? We should be explicit about that if that is the case.

Given that the licensing of the collector's source code does not require that distribution of derivative works happen in source form I'm not sure that we have much ability here to enforce such a requirement. We can certainly try to use the "OpenTelemetry" mark as a cudgel, but I'm not sure it'll be as effective as may be desirable since the terms "collector" and "distribution" are very broad. It could perhaps be argued that "OpenTelemetry Collector" is a protectable mark and maybe even that "Collector" has acquired secondary meaning in this limited scope, but protecting such a mark against genericization is going to be a Sisyphean task.

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I see this definition as separation from the term Distribution defined below. A Distribution is a specific compiled OpenTelemetry Collector with a specific set of OpenTelemetry Collector Components that the maintainer (the user in this case) decided to add. It is a OpenTelemetry Collector bc the maintainer was able to bring their chosen OpenTelemetry Collector components to it.

Something is not an OpenTelemetry Collector if it cannot support OpenTelemetry Collector Components. Maybe the word additional below is unnecessary and could be removed?

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Given that the licensing of the collector's source code does not require that distribution of derivative works happen in source form I'm not sure that we have much ability here to enforce such a requirement

We potentially have leverage over:

  • Trademark usage if "OpenTelemetry Collector" becomes a trademark
  • What we list on our registry and website and what we promote
  • What wording can be used in 'official' OTel events

I think we have enough leverage here to make this worth it


- An OpenTelemetry Collector _MUST_ accept an [OpenTelemetry Collector configuration
file](#opentelemetry-collector-configuration-file).
- An OpenTelemetry Collector _MUST_ be able to include any and all
additional [Collector components](#opentelemetry-collector-components) that
the user wishes to include.
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What happens when the user wishes to include two different components that both claim the same type string? Does that then make every collector implementation non-compliant?

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I see this as an edge case that would be up to the components to sort out, unless there's a future where type is made a unique namespace somehow

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I'm not sure how this needs to be resolved, but I think it does need to be resolved since as written this would make it trivial to create a situation where there can be no OpenTelemetry Collectors at all.

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Added some details in the components section to provide a way to resolve conflicts for components, PTAL

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## OpenTelemetry Collector configuration file
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## OpenTelemetry Collector components

For a library to be considered an OpenTelemetry Collector component, it _MUST_
implement the [Component interface](https://pkg.go.dev/go.opentelemetry.io/collector/component#Component)
defined in the [opentelemetry-collector repository](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector).
repository.
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## OpenTelemetry Collector Distribution
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An OpenTelemetry Collector Distribution (Distro) is a compiled instance
of an OpenTelemetry Collector with a specific set of components and features.
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