Modify FunctionGetOutputs proto for client retries

[rculbertson]

~This is based on #2403. That should me reviewed and merged first. ~
Update: That PR has been merged, and this one has been rebased on it.

This modifies the request and response of FunctionGetOutputs so the client can retry lost inputs. This applies to sync inputs only.

The request has a new field expected_input_ids, so the client can optionally pass the server a list of input ids that it expects the server to be processing.

The server will check if it has a record of all these IDs. If not, it will immediately return, populating the response's new lost_input_ids field with the IDs that missing. The client can the resend those inputs.

Merging the proto changes first so we can implement and test this in the server.

Part of SVC-171

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Check these boxes or delete any item (or this section) if not relevant for this PR.

• Client+Server: this change is compatible with old servers
• Client forward compatibility: this change ensures client can accept data intended for later versions of itself

Note on protobuf: protobuf message changes in one place may have impact to
multiple entities (client, server, worker, database). See points above.

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Changelog

[gongy]

I think we may need entry_ids here.

[rculbertson]

Closing in favor of #2600