[ryu] Add support for uwp, arm, x86

[sbrajchuk]

Also:
Remove the excess setting of the BAZEL_VS environment variable.
Avoid adding C++ options through the --cxxopt command line option, as these options are incorrectly applied to C language source files on Windows. (Currently, we are only compiling C language source files)

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[BillyONeal]

Thanks for the fix!