Restore previous default logging behavior, cleanup logging setup, upgrade Sentry SDK

[danlipert]

Description

This PR upgrades the Sentry SDK to the latest version, which has a simpler setup.

Checklist

• Read and conforms to the contributor guidelines
• Read and conforms to the style guidelines
• Linter status: 100% pass
• Added relevant tests
• Tests pass and code coverage has not decreased
• Changes don't break existing behavior
• Commit message follows commit guidelines
• Code documentation
• Completed: Code review by core team and any requested changes

Affected core subsystem(s)

logging, error reporting

Refers/Fixes

Fixes: #3887 #3809

Testing and Sign-off

Tested locally with hosted sentry environment

Contributor

• Read and followed the Contributor Guidelines
• Tested all changes locally
• Verified existing functionality
• Ran make test and everything passed!

Reviewer

• Affirm contributor guidelines have been followed and requested changes made
• CI tests and linting pass
• No conflicts (migrations, files, etc)
• Regression tested against staging or local deployment

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3837 into master will increase coverage by 0.04%.
The diff coverage is 23.07%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3837      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   30.03%   30.07%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         205      205              
  Lines       15996    16000       +4     
  Branches     2111     2109       -2     
==========================================
+ Hits         4804     4812       +8     
+ Misses      11020    11017       -3     
+ Partials      172      171       -1

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
app/app/settings.py	78.07% <23.07%> (-0.44%)	⬇️
app/app/log_filters.py	75% <0%> (+75%)	⬆️

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