feat(version): update version command to return v2 info (backport #22807)

[mergify]

Description

Closes: #22772

• add versions to the query
• refactor the Info() fuction so internals can be tested

Try it out

COSMOS_BUILD_OPTIONS=v2 make install
simdv2 version --long

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Summary by CodeRabbit

• New Features

  • Added support for returning v2 server information in the version command.
  • Enhanced GetNodeInfo response with additional version fields: RuntimeVersion, CometServerVersion, and StfVersion.

• Improvements

  • Changelog format updated for better readability and organization.
  • Enhanced error handling for block height requests.
  • Updated versioning information structure for improved tracking of dependencies.

• Bug Fixes

  • Improved response structure for validator set queries.

• Tests

  • Introduced unit tests for SDK build information retrieval functions.

• Documentation

  • Updated changelog to reflect recent changes and enhancements.

---

This is an automatic backport of pull request #22807 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of 6a7ecd8 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/release/v0.52.x/pr-22807
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/release/v0.52.x'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit 6a7ecd89e.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   client/grpc/cmtservice/query.pb.go
	modified:   client/grpc/cmtservice/service.go
	modified:   proto/cosmos/base/tendermint/v1beta1/query.proto
	new file:   version/build_test.go
	modified:   version/version.go

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
	both modified:   CHANGELOG.md
	deleted by us:   api/cosmos/base/tendermint/v1beta1/query.pulsar.go

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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