Implement init_resource for Commands and World (#3079)

# Objective

- Fixes #3078
- Fixes #1397

## Solution

- Implement Commands::init_resource.
- Also implement for World, for consistency and to simplify internal structure.
- While we're here, clean up some of the docs for Command and World resource modification.

crates/bevy_app/src/app.rs

@@ -647,18 +647,15 @@ impl App {
     /// App::new()
     ///    .insert_resource(MyCounter { counter: 0 });
     /// ```
-    pub fn insert_resource<T>(&mut self, resource: T) -> &mut Self
-    where
-        T: Resource,
-    {
+    pub fn insert_resource<R: Resource>(&mut self, resource: R) -> &mut Self {
         self.world.insert_resource(resource);
         self
     }
 
     /// Inserts a non-send resource to the app
     ///
-    /// You usually want to use `insert_resource`, but there are some special cases when a resource must
-    /// be non-send.
+    /// You usually want to use `insert_resource`,
+    /// but there are some special cases when a resource cannot be sent across threads.
     ///
     /// ## Example
     /// ```
@@ -671,19 +668,18 @@ impl App {
     /// App::new()
     ///     .insert_non_send_resource(MyCounter { counter: 0 });
     /// ```
-    pub fn insert_non_send_resource<T>(&mut self, resource: T) -> &mut Self
-    where
-        T: 'static,
-    {
-        self.world.insert_non_send(resource);
+    pub fn insert_non_send_resource<R: 'static>(&mut self, resource: R) -> &mut Self {
+        self.world.insert_non_send_resource(resource);
         self
     }
 
-    /// Initialize a resource in the current [`App`], if it does not exist yet
+    /// Initialize a resource with standard starting values by adding it to the [`World`]
     ///
     /// If the resource already exists, nothing happens.
     ///
-    /// Adds a resource that implements `Default` or [`FromWorld`] trait.
+    /// The resource must implement the [`FromWorld`] trait.
+    /// If the `Default` trait is implemented, the `FromWorld` trait will use
+    /// the `Default::default` method to initialize the resource.
     ///
     /// ## Example
     /// ```
@@ -704,32 +700,18 @@ impl App {
     /// App::new()
     ///     .init_resource::<MyCounter>();
     /// ```
-    pub fn init_resource<R>(&mut self) -> &mut Self
-    where
-        R: FromWorld + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    {
-        // PERF: We could avoid double hashing here, since the `from_resources` call is guaranteed
-        // not to modify the map. However, we would need to be borrowing resources both
-        // mutably and immutably, so we would need to be extremely certain this is correct
-        if !self.world.contains_resource::<R>() {
-            let resource = R::from_world(&mut self.world);
-            self.insert_resource(resource);
-        }
+    pub fn init_resource<R: Resource + FromWorld>(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.world.init_resource::<R>();
         self
     }
 
-    /// Initialize a non-send resource in the current [`App`], if it does not exist yet.
+    /// Initialize a non-send resource with standard starting values by adding it to the [`World`]
     ///
-    /// Adds a resource that implements `Default` or [`FromWorld`] trait.
-    pub fn init_non_send_resource<R>(&mut self) -> &mut Self
-    where
-        R: FromWorld + 'static,
-    {
-        // See perf comment in init_resource
-        if self.world.get_non_send_resource::<R>().is_none() {
-            let resource = R::from_world(&mut self.world);
-            self.world.insert_non_send(resource);
-        }
+    /// The resource must implement the [`FromWorld`] trait.
+    /// If the `Default` trait is implemented, the `FromWorld` trait will use
+    /// the `Default::default` method to initialize the resource.
+    pub fn init_non_send_resource<R: 'static + FromWorld>(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
+        self.world.init_non_send_resource::<R>();
         self
     }
 

crates/bevy_ecs/src/lib.rs

@@ -1181,8 +1181,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn non_send_resource() {
         let mut world = World::default();
-        world.insert_non_send(123i32);
-        world.insert_non_send(456i64);
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(123i32);
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(456i64);
         assert_eq!(*world.get_non_send_resource::<i32>().unwrap(), 123);
         assert_eq!(*world.get_non_send_resource_mut::<i64>().unwrap(), 456);
     }
@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[should_panic]
     fn non_send_resource_panic() {
         let mut world = World::default();
-        world.insert_non_send(0i32);
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(0i32);
         std::thread::spawn(move || {
             let _ = world.get_non_send_resource_mut::<i32>();
         })

crates/bevy_ecs/src/schedule/executor_parallel.rs

@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn non_send_resource() {
         use std::thread;
         let mut world = World::new();
-        world.insert_non_send(thread::current().id());
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(thread::current().id());
         fn non_send(thread_id: NonSend<thread::ThreadId>) {
             assert_eq!(thread::current().id(), *thread_id);
         }

crates/bevy_ecs/src/system/commands/mod.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::{
     bundle::Bundle,
     component::Component,
     entity::{Entities, Entity},
-    world::World,
+    world::{FromWorld, World},
 };
 use bevy_utils::tracing::{error, warn};
 pub use command_queue::CommandQueue;
@@ -261,9 +261,45 @@ impl<'w, 's> Commands<'w, 's> {
         self.queue.push(InsertOrSpawnBatch { bundles_iter });
     }
 
+    /// Inserts a resource with standard starting values to the [`World`].
+    ///
+    /// If the resource already exists, nothing happens.
+    ///
+    /// The value given by the [`FromWorld::from_world`] method will be used.
+    /// Note that any resource with the `Default` trait automatically implements `FromWorld`,
+    /// and those default values will be here instead.
+    ///
+    /// See [`World::init_resource`] for more details.
+    /// Note that commands do not take effect immediately.
+    /// When possible, prefer the equivalent methods on `App` or `World`.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use bevy_ecs::prelude::*;
+    /// #
+    /// # #[derive(Default)]
+    /// # struct Scoreboard {
+    /// #     current_score: u32,
+    /// #     high_score: u32,
+    /// # }
+    /// #
+    /// # fn system(mut commands: Commands) {
+    /// commands.init_resource::<Scoreboard>();
+    /// # }
+    /// # system.system();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn init_resource<R: Resource + FromWorld>(&mut self) {
+        self.queue.push(InitResource::<R> {
+            _phantom: PhantomData::<R>::default(),
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Inserts a resource to the [`World`], overwriting any previous value of the same type.
     ///
     /// See [`World::insert_resource`] for more details.
+    /// Note that commands do not take effect immediately.
+    /// When possible, prefer the equivalent methods on `App` or `World`.
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
@@ -283,7 +319,7 @@ impl<'w, 's> Commands<'w, 's> {
     /// # }
     /// # bevy_ecs::system::assert_is_system(system);
     /// ```
-    pub fn insert_resource<T: Resource>(&mut self, resource: T) {
+    pub fn insert_resource<R: Resource>(&mut self, resource: R) {
         self.queue.push(InsertResource { resource })
     }
 
@@ -306,8 +342,8 @@ impl<'w, 's> Commands<'w, 's> {
     /// # }
     /// # bevy_ecs::system::assert_is_system(system);
     /// ```
-    pub fn remove_resource<T: Resource>(&mut self) {
-        self.queue.push(RemoveResource::<T> {
+    pub fn remove_resource<R: Resource>(&mut self) {
+        self.queue.push(RemoveResource::<R> {
             phantom: PhantomData,
         });
     }
@@ -713,23 +749,33 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-pub struct InsertResource<T: Resource> {
-    pub resource: T,
+pub struct InitResource<R: Resource + FromWorld> {
+    _phantom: PhantomData<R>,
 }
 
-impl<T: Resource> Command for InsertResource<T> {
+impl<R: Resource + FromWorld> Command for InitResource<R> {
+    fn write(self, world: &mut World) {
+        world.init_resource::<R>();
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct InsertResource<R: Resource> {
+    pub resource: R,
+}
+
+impl<R: Resource> Command for InsertResource<R> {
     fn write(self, world: &mut World) {
         world.insert_resource(self.resource);
     }
 }
 
-pub struct RemoveResource<T: Resource> {
-    pub phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+pub struct RemoveResource<R: Resource> {
+    pub phantom: PhantomData<R>,
 }
 
-impl<T: Resource> Command for RemoveResource<T> {
+impl<R: Resource> Command for RemoveResource<R> {
     fn write(self, world: &mut World) {
-        world.remove_resource::<T>();
+        world.remove_resource::<R>();
     }
 }
 

crates/bevy_ecs/src/system/mod.rs

@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ mod tests {
         world.insert_resource(false);
         struct NotSend1(std::rc::Rc<i32>);
         struct NotSend2(std::rc::Rc<i32>);
-        world.insert_non_send(NotSend1(std::rc::Rc::new(0)));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(NotSend1(std::rc::Rc::new(0)));
 
         fn sys(
             op: Option<NonSend<NotSend1>>,
@@ -446,8 +446,8 @@ mod tests {
         struct NotSend1(std::rc::Rc<i32>);
         struct NotSend2(std::rc::Rc<i32>);
 
-        world.insert_non_send(NotSend1(std::rc::Rc::new(1)));
-        world.insert_non_send(NotSend2(std::rc::Rc::new(2)));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(NotSend1(std::rc::Rc::new(1)));
+        world.insert_non_send_resource(NotSend2(std::rc::Rc::new(2)));
 
         fn sys(_op: NonSend<NotSend1>, mut _op2: NonSendMut<NotSend2>, mut run: ResMut<bool>) {
             *run = true;