[#29848][Go SDK] Fix exec side transform identification.

[lostluck]

Fix exec side transform identification using the global transformID and not the "UniqueName". The error occurred prior to the FnAPI becoming solid ~4 years ago, or sufficient understanding to root case it at the time.

The Go SDK has been "refering" to transforms incorrectly when communicating back to the runner, which largely affects things like metrics. This was noticable in state and timers since only Dataflow implemented additional translations to the Go SDK approach, which was to use the "UniqueName" from the transforms.

This fix allows enabling additional tests against Spark and Flink runners for state and timers, and presumably fixes handling of metrics.

Pre-cursor to #29772, since it doesn't make sense to try and maintain the transform identification name handling error in Prism, as it's aiming to be a fairly model single machin Portable runner.

Fixes #29848

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[github-actions]

Reminder, please take a look at this pr: @riteshghorse @Abacn

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 2 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (783c72a) 38.23% compared to head (fac12b1) 38.23%.

Files	Patch %	Lines
sdks/go/pkg/beam/core/runtime/exec/translate.go	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #29842      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   38.23%   38.23%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         696      696              
  Lines      101881   101881              
==========================================
- Hits        38956    38953       -3     
- Misses      61311    61313       +2     
- Partials     1614     1615       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
go	53.93% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

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[lostluck]

R: @damondouglas if convenient.

[github-actions]

Stopping reviewer notifications for this pull request: review requested by someone other than the bot, ceding control

[damondouglas]

LGTM