一、DockerFile 说明
二、DockerFile 构建过程解析
三、DockerFile 保留字
四、案例
五、总结

一、DockerFile 说明

1.1 DockerFile 是什么?

DickerFile 是用来构建 Docker 镜像的构建文件, 是由一系列命令和参数构成的脚本.

1.2 构建 DockerFile 的步骤

编写 DockerFile 文件
docker build
docker run

1.3 DockerFile 文件构成

参考 CentOS 的 DockerFile 文件

二、DockerFile 构建过程解析

2.1 DockerFile 基础知识

每条保留字指定都必须大写, 且后面要跟随至少一个参数;
指令按照从上到下, 顺序执行;
# 表示注释;
每条指令都会创建一个新的镜像层, 并对镜像进行提交.

2.2 Docker 执行 DockerFile 的大致流程

docker 从基础镜像运行一个容器
执行一条指令并对容器做出修改
执行类似 docker commit 的操作提交一个新的镜像层
docker 再基于刚提交的镜像运行一个新容器
执行 DockerFile 中的下一条指令直到所有指令都执行完成

2.3 小结

从应用软件的角度来看，Dockerfile、Docker镜像与Docker容器分别代表软件的三个不同阶段，

DockerFile 是软件的原材料
Docker 镜像是软件的交付品
Docker 容器则可以认为是软件的运行态.

Dockerfile面向开发, Docker镜像成为交付标准, Docker容器则涉及部署与运维, 三者缺一不可, 合力充当Docker 体系的基石.

Dockerfile: 需要定义一个Dockerfile, Dockerfile定义了进程需要的一切东西。Dockerfile涉及的内容包括执行代码或者是文件、环境变量、依赖包、运行时环境、动态链接库、操作系统的发行版、服务进程和内核进程(当应用进程需要和系统服务和内核进程打交道, 这时需要考虑如何设计namespace的权限控制)等等;
Docker镜像: 在用Dockerfile定义一个文件之后, docker build时会产生一个Docker镜像, 当运行 Docker镜像时, 会真正开始提供服务;
Docker容器: 容器是直接提供服务的

三、DockerFile 保留字

FROM: 基础镜像, 当前新镜像是基于哪个镜像.
MAINTAINER: 镜像维护者的姓名和邮箱地址.
RUN: 容器构建时需要运行的命令.
EXPOSE: 当前容器对外暴露出的端口.
WORKDIR: 指定在创建容器后, 终端默认登录进来的目录, 工作落脚点.
ENV: 用来在构建镜像过程中设置环境变量.
ADD: 将宿主机目录下的文件拷贝进镜像且 ADD 命令会自动处理 URL 和解压 tar 压缩包.
COPY: 类似 ADD, 拷贝文件和目录到镜像中, 将从构建上下文目录中 <源路径>的文件/目录复制到新的一层的镜像内的<目标目录>位置.
- COPY src dest
- COPY ["src", "dest"]
VOLUME: 容器数据卷, 用于数据保存和持久化工作.
CMD: 指定一个容器启动时要运行的命令, DockerFile 中可以有多个 CMD 命令, 但只有最后一个生效, CMD会被 docker run 之后的参数替换.
- shell 格式: CMD <命令>
- exec 格式: CMD ["可执行文件", "参数1","参数2",....]
ENTRYPOINT: 指定一个容器启动时要运行的命令, ENTRYPOINT 的目的和 CMD 一样, 都是在指定容器启动程序及参数.
ONBUILD: 当构建一个被继承的 DockerFile 时运行, 父镜像在被子继承后, 父镜像的 ONBUILD 会被触发.

四、案例

准备三个案例仅供参考

4.1 Base 镜像(scratch)

Docker Hub 中 99% 的镜像都是通过在 base 镜像中安装和配置需要的软件构建出来的

# centos 镜像
# https://github.com/CentOS/sig-cloud-instance-images/blob/b521221b5c8ac3ac88698e77941a2414ce6e778d/docker/Dockerfile
FROM scratch <-----
ADD centos-7-x86_64-docker.tar.xz /
LABEL \
org.label-schema.schema-version="1.0" \
org.label-schema.name="CentOS Base Image" \

4.2 自定义 mycentos 镜像

目的: 最终让我们的 mycentos 镜像登录默认在 /tmp 目录下, 具备 vim、ifconfig支持

4.2.1 编写

① Docker Hub 中默认的 CentOS 镜像

[root@docker1 ~]# docker images centos     # 查看 centos 镜像
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos              latest              831691599b88        2 months ago        215MB
[root@docker1 ~]# docker run -it centos    # 运行该 centos 镜像, 默认路径是 / 根目录
[root@8462c199bb5b /]# vim test.txt        # 不支持 vim 命令
bash: vim: command not found
[root@8462c199bb5b /]# ifconfig            # 不支持 ifconfig 命令
bash: ifconfig: command not found

② 构建我们自己的 centos 镜像

准备 DockerFile 文件

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER kino<rmkino@163.com>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "success -------------------"
CMD /bin/bash

4.2.2 构建

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker build -t mycentos:1.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/10 : FROM centos
 ---> 831691599b88
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER kino<rmkino@163.com>
 ---> Running in e533d2a61e9f
Removing intermediate container e533d2a61e9f
 ---> d5cb61601813
Step 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Running in 8361a107da82
Removing intermediate container 8361a107da82
 ---> 73a52e0b7fd7
Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Running in ba47fcf087e3
Removing intermediate container ba47fcf087e3
 ---> fdb88d50c8fd
Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Running in 57607efaf602
CentOS-8 - AppStream                            645 kB/s | 5.8 MB     00:09    
CentOS-8 - Base                                  99 kB/s | 2.2 MB     00:23    
CentOS-8 - Extras                               405  B/s | 7.3 kB     00:18    
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
 gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-15.el8             AppStream       39 k
 vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream      6.3 M
 vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream       48 k
 which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               BaseOS          49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 31 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm         17 kB/s |  39 kB     00:02    
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch.rp 334 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00    
(3/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm  542 kB/s | 1.4 MB     00:02    
(4/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm    1.8 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:03    
(5/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm              18 kB/s |  49 kB     00:02    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           688 kB/s | 7.8 MB     00:11     
warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS-8 - AppStream                             52 kB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00    
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
 Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch                2/5 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch                4/5 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5 

Installed:
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64    
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64             

Complete!
Removing intermediate container 57607efaf602
 ---> 7d2341d0a730
Step 6/10 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
 ---> Running in 9651e150aa41
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:30 ago on Thu Aug 20 13:00:15 2020.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package         Architecture Version                        Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 net-tools       x86_64       2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8       BaseOS       323 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 323 k
Installed size: 1.0 M
Downloading Packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm    78 kB/s | 323 kB     00:04    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                            48 kB/s | 323 kB     00:06     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 

Installed:
  net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64                                     

Complete!
Removing intermediate container 9651e150aa41
 ---> da64f253768f
Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in edf29f26ef29
Removing intermediate container edf29f26ef29
 ---> 90c7d20383d7
Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH
 ---> Running in d6d6ed7b9e00
Removing intermediate container d6d6ed7b9e00
 ---> 6c0f60e6f12c
Step 9/10 : CMD echo "success -------------------"
 ---> Running in 9f27f10f41a8
Removing intermediate container 9f27f10f41a8
 ---> c958155372f9
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in ed74d9942c44
Removing intermediate container ed74d9942c44
 ---> df3ce2fbcd2d
Successfully built df3ce2fbcd2d
Successfully tagged mycentos:1.0
[root@docker1 mydockerfile]#

4.2.3 运行

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker ps     # 查看运行的 docker 容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker run -it mycentos:1.0     # 运行 mycentos 镜像
[root@4a36745df179 local]# pwd    # 查看进入mycentos容器的落脚点
/usr/local
[root@4a36745df179 local]# ifconfig   # 有了ifconfig命令
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.2  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 8  bytes 656 (656.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@4a36745df179 local]# vim test.txt  # 有了 vim 领命
[root@4a36745df179 local]#

4.2.4 列出镜像的变更历史

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker history mycentos:1.0
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
df3ce2fbcd2d        3 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin…   0B                  
c958155372f9        3 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B                  
6c0f60e6f12c        3 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B                  
90c7d20383d7        3 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B                  
da64f253768f        3 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools             22.7MB              
7d2341d0a730        3 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim                   57.2MB              
fdb88d50c8fd        5 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local            0B                  
73a52e0b7fd7        5 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYPATH=/usr/local        0B                  
d5cb61601813        5 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER kino<rmkino@16…   0B                  
831691599b88        2 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B                  
<missing>           2 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B                  
<missing>           2 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:84700c11fcc969ac0…   215MB

4.3 `CMD/ENTRYPOINT` 指令的镜像案例

说明: 这两个命令都是指定一个容器启动时要运行的命令.

4.3.1 `CMD` 命令

Dockerfile 中可以有多个 CMD 指令, 但只有最后一个生效, CMD 会被 docker run 之后的参数替换

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker run -it mycentos:1.0 ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 May 11  2019 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 May 11  2019 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 May 11  2019 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 May 11  2019 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 May 11  2019 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 May 11  2019 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 May 11  2019 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 May 11  2019 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jun 11 02:35 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 May 11  2019 src
[root@docker1 mydockerfile]#

4.3.2 `ENTRYPOINT` 命令

docker run 之后的参数会被当做参数传递给 ENTRYPOINT, 之后形成新的命令组合

案例:

制作 CMD 版可以查询 IP 信息的容器

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# vim cmd-docker-file
FROM centos
RUN yum -y install curl
CMD ["curl", "-s", "http://ip.cn"]

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker build -f cmd-docker-file -t myip .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/3 : FROM centos
 ---> 831691599b88
Step 2/3 : RUN yum -y install curl
 ---> Running in 6599ae71cb81
CentOS-8 - AppStream                            3.5 MB/s | 5.8 MB     00:01    
CentOS-8 - Base                                 424 kB/s | 2.2 MB     00:05    
CentOS-8 - Extras                               2.0 kB/s | 7.3 kB     00:03    
Package curl-7.61.1-12.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 6599ae71cb81
 ---> ea7dc0f87961
Step 3/3 : CMD [ "curl", "-s", "http://ip.cn" ]
 ---> Running in c12ebb27deeb
Removing intermediate container c12ebb27deeb
 ---> 2e374efb99b6
Successfully built 2e374efb99b6
Successfully tagged myip:latest

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker run myip
当前IP: 116.24.66.207 广东省深圳市 电信

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker run myip -l
ERROR ....

制作 ENTRYPOINT 版可以查询 IP 信息的容器

我们可以看到可执行文件找不到的报错，executable file not found。

之前我们说过，跟在镜像名后面的是 command，运行时会替换 CMD 的默认值。

因此这里的 -i 替换了原来的 CMD，而不是添加在原来的 curl -s http://ip.cn 后面。而 -i 根本不是命令，所以自然找不到。

那么如果我们希望加入 -i 这参数，我们就必须重新完整的输入这个命令:

$ docker run myip curl -s http://ip.cn -i

FROM centos
RUN yum install -y curl
ENTRYPOINT [ "curl", "-s", "http://ip.cn" ]

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker run myip 
当前IP: 116.24.66.207 广东省深圳市 电信

[root@docker1 mydockerfile]# docker run myip -i
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2020 13:23:56 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 16
Connection: keep-alive
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT
Set-Cookie: __cfduid=d142a502609d3d52cd0a2c7bdb4b4eb1d1597929836; expires=Sat, 19-Sep-20 13:23:56 GMT; path=/; domain=.ip.cn; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax
cf-request-id: 04ada368710000e7e926a93200000001
Server: cloudflare
CF-RAY: 5c5c6e871cb2e7e9-LAX
alt-svc: h3-27=":443"; ma=86400, h3-28=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400

当前IP: 116.24.66.207 广东省深圳市 电信

4.4 自定义 tomcat 镜像

①

[root@docker1 /]# mkdir -p /root/mydocker/tomcat9
[root@docker1 /]# cd /root/mydocker/tomcat9
[root@docker1 tomcat9]# pwd
/root/mydocker/tomcat9

② 将 tomcat 和 jdk 上传到 /root/mydocker/tomcat9 ③ 编辑Dockerfile

[root@docker1 tomcat9]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER kino<rmkino@163.com>

#把宿主机当前上下文的 a.txt 拷贝到容器 /usr/local 目录下
COPY a.txt /usr/local/container.txt

#把 Java 与 tomcat 添加到容器中
ADD jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz /usr/local

#安装 vim 编辑器
RUN yun -y install vim

#设置工作访问时候的 WORKDIR 路径
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

#配置Java与tomcat环境变量
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk_1.8.0_131
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37
ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

#容器运行时监听的端口
EXPOSE 8080

#启动时运行 tomcat
# ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/bin/startup.sh" ]
# CMD ["/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/bin/logs/catalina.out



[root@docker1 tomcat9]# ll
总用量 192148
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  11211292 8月  21 19:51 apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root         0 8月  21 19:49 a.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      1027 8月  21 19:59 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 185540433 8月   6 14:00 jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz

④ 构建

[root@docker1 tomcat9]# docker build -t mytoncat9 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  196.8MB
Step 1/14 : FROM         centos
 ---> 0d120b6ccaa8
Step 2/14 : MAINTAINER    kino<kinomin@136.com>
 ---> Using cache
 ---> a2bb8a5a0e09
Step 3/14 : COPY a.txt /usr/local/container.txt
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 6c713a1ba244
Step 4/14 : ADD jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 7df7b6b7a599
Step 5/14 : ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz /usr/local
 ---> Using cache
 ---> aa279706232f
Step 6/14 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in 8955477dfd1c
Removing intermediate container 8955477dfd1c
 ---> 2c17a2cacae6
Step 7/14 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in 12519286549c
Removing intermediate container 12519286549c
 ---> f08854fc0b12
Step 8/14 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk_1.8.0_131
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in 9a9993a16e82
Removing intermediate container 9a9993a16e82
 ---> 17a52e728bcf
Step 9/14 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in fe0cdec1822e
Removing intermediate container fe0cdec1822e
 ---> 011b1387d0c1
Step 10/14 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in 27971279a69a
Removing intermediate container 27971279a69a
 ---> 18237e66338c
Step 11/14 : ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in 3277c511bf8f
Removing intermediate container 3277c511bf8f
 ---> 5c974bcde2b7
Step 12/14 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in 94d981f3f551
Removing intermediate container 94d981f3f551
 ---> 8b16d898b7c1
Step 13/14 : EXPOSE 8080
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in 7b36eb8045c8
Removing intermediate container 7b36eb8045c8
 ---> b009a3d4e4ae
Step 14/14 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/bin/logs/catalina.out
 ---> [Warning] IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
 ---> Running in 7fe5440b2497
Removing intermediate container 7fe5440b2497
 ---> c27957e5edec
Successfully built c27957e5edec
Successfully tagged mytoncat9:latest

⑤ 运行

[root@docker1 tomcat9]# docker run -d -p 9080:8080 --name tomcat9 -v /root/mydocker/tomcat9/mydockerfile/tomcat9/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/webapps/test -v /root/mydocker/tomcat9/mydockerfile/tomcat9/tomcat9logs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/logs --privileged=true kinotomcat9
455a90b66d8843c34beb3130ef656954baf5e42745566527bcc4004e69115a50

⑥ 校验

⑦ 发布web服务

[root@d8924379fd1a test]# vim a.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
  </head>
  <body>
     -----------welcome------------
     <%="i am in docker tomcat self "%>
     <br>
     <br>
     <% System.out.println("=============docker tomcat self");%>
   </body>
</html>

[root@d8924379fd1a test]# mkdir WEB-INF
[root@d8924379fd1a test]# cd WEB-INF
[root@d8924379fd1a test]# vim web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
  id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  
  <display-name>test</display-name>
 
</web-app>

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DockerFile解析.md

DockerFile解析.md

一、DockerFile 说明

1.1 DockerFile 是什么?

1.2 构建 DockerFile 的步骤

1.3 DockerFile 文件构成

二、DockerFile 构建过程解析

2.1 DockerFile 基础知识

2.2 Docker 执行 DockerFile 的大致流程

2.3 小结

三、DockerFile 保留字

四、案例

4.1 Base 镜像(scratch)

4.2 自定义 mycentos 镜像

4.2.1 编写

4.2.2 构建

4.2.3 运行

4.2.4 列出镜像的变更历史

4.3 `CMD/ENTRYPOINT` 指令的镜像案例

4.3.1 `CMD` 命令

4.3.2 `ENTRYPOINT` 命令

4.4 自定义 tomcat 镜像

五、总结

Files

DockerFile解析.md

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DockerFile解析.md

File metadata and controls

一、DockerFile 说明

1.1 DockerFile 是什么?

1.2 构建 DockerFile 的步骤

1.3 DockerFile 文件构成

二、DockerFile 构建过程解析

2.1 DockerFile 基础知识

2.2 Docker 执行 DockerFile 的大致流程

2.3 小结

三、DockerFile 保留字

四、案例

4.1 Base 镜像(scratch)

4.2 自定义 mycentos 镜像

4.2.1 编写

4.2.2 构建

4.2.3 运行

4.2.4 列出镜像的变更历史

4.3 CMD/ENTRYPOINT 指令的镜像案例

4.3.1 CMD 命令

4.3.2 ENTRYPOINT 命令

4.4 自定义 tomcat 镜像

五、总结

4.3 `CMD/ENTRYPOINT` 指令的镜像案例

4.3.1 `CMD` 命令

4.3.2 `ENTRYPOINT` 命令