diff --git a/internal/service/backup/consts.go b/internal/service/backup/consts.go
index ea4860cd65f..573f338a20d 100644
--- a/internal/service/backup/consts.go
+++ b/internal/service/backup/consts.go
@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@
 
 package backup
 
+import "time"
+
+const (
+	iamPropagationTimeout = 2 * time.Minute
+)
+
 const (
 	frameworkStatusCompleted          = "COMPLETED"
 	frameworkStatusCreationInProgress = "CREATE_IN_PROGRESS"
diff --git a/internal/service/backup/errors.go b/internal/service/backup/errors.go
index b8dff1cad97..38fd3926ae8 100644
--- a/internal/service/backup/errors.go
+++ b/internal/service/backup/errors.go
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@
 package backup
 
 const (
-	errCodeAccessDeniedException = "AccessDeniedException"
+	errCodeAccessDeniedException          = "AccessDeniedException"
+	errCodeInvalidParameterValueException = "InvalidParameterValueException"
 )
diff --git a/internal/service/backup/vault_policy.go b/internal/service/backup/vault_policy.go
index 7a3240a7e04..c7b84e4aefd 100644
--- a/internal/service/backup/vault_policy.go
+++ b/internal/service/backup/vault_policy.go
@@ -72,7 +72,12 @@ func resourceVaultPolicyPut(ctx context.Context, d *schema.ResourceData, meta in
 		Policy:          aws.String(policy),
 	}
 
-	_, err = conn.PutBackupVaultAccessPolicyWithContext(ctx, input)
+	_, err = tfresource.RetryWhenAWSErrMessageContains(ctx, iamPropagationTimeout,
+		func() (interface{}, error) {
+			return conn.PutBackupVaultAccessPolicyWithContext(ctx, input)
+		},
+		errCodeInvalidParameterValueException, "Provided principal is not valid",
+	)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return sdkdiag.AppendErrorf(diags, "creating Backup Vault Policy (%s): %s", name, err)
diff --git a/internal/service/backup/vault_policy_test.go b/internal/service/backup/vault_policy_test.go
index e66e263e23b..a9540f9b67f 100644
--- a/internal/service/backup/vault_policy_test.go
+++ b/internal/service/backup/vault_policy_test.go
@@ -54,6 +54,28 @@ func TestAccBackupVaultPolicy_basic(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestAccBackupVaultPolicy_eventualConsistency(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := acctest.Context(t)
+	var vault backup.GetBackupVaultAccessPolicyOutput
+	rName := sdkacctest.RandomWithPrefix(acctest.ResourcePrefix)
+	resourceName := "aws_backup_vault_policy.test"
+
+	resource.ParallelTest(t, resource.TestCase{
+		PreCheck:                 func() { acctest.PreCheck(ctx, t); testAccPreCheck(ctx, t) },
+		ErrorCheck:               acctest.ErrorCheck(t, backup.EndpointsID),
+		ProtoV5ProviderFactories: acctest.ProtoV5ProviderFactories,
+		CheckDestroy:             testAccCheckVaultPolicyDestroy(ctx),
+		Steps: []resource.TestStep{
+			{
+				Config: testAccVaultPolicyConfig_eventualConsistency(rName),
+				Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
+					testAccCheckVaultPolicyExists(ctx, resourceName, &vault),
+					resource.TestMatchResourceAttr(resourceName, "policy", regexache.MustCompile("^{\"Id\":\"default\".+"))),
+			},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
 func TestAccBackupVaultPolicy_disappears(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := acctest.Context(t)
 	var vault backup.GetBackupVaultAccessPolicyOutput
@@ -285,3 +307,63 @@ resource "aws_backup_vault_policy" "test" {
 }
 `, rName)
 }
+
+func testAccVaultPolicyConfig_eventualConsistency(rName string) string {
+	return acctest.ConfigCompose(
+		fmt.Sprintf(`
+data "aws_partition" "current" {}
+
+resource "aws_iam_role" "test" {
+  name = %[1]q
+  assume_role_policy = jsonencode({
+    Version = "2012-10-17"
+    Statement = [
+      {
+        Action = "sts:AssumeRole"
+        Effect = "Allow"
+        Sid    = ""
+        Principal = {
+          Service = "backup.amazonaws.com"
+        }
+      },
+    ]
+  })
+}
+
+resource "aws_iam_role_policy_attachment" "test" {
+  role       = aws_iam_role.test.name
+  policy_arn = "arn:${data.aws_partition.current.partition}:iam::${data.aws_partition.current.partition}:policy/service-role/AWSBackupServiceRolePolicyForBackup"
+}
+
+resource "aws_backup_vault" "test" {
+  name = %[1]q
+}
+
+resource "aws_backup_vault_policy" "test" {
+  backup_vault_name = aws_backup_vault.test.name
+
+  policy = jsonencode({
+    Version = "2012-10-17"
+    Id      = "default"
+    Statement = [{
+      Sid    = "default"
+      Effect = "Allow"
+      Principal = {
+        AWS = "${aws_iam_role.test.arn}"
+      }
+      Action = [
+        "backup:DescribeBackupVault",
+        "backup:DeleteBackupVault",
+        "backup:PutBackupVaultAccessPolicy",
+        "backup:DeleteBackupVaultAccessPolicy",
+        "backup:GetBackupVaultAccessPolicy",
+        "backup:StartBackupJob",
+        "backup:GetBackupVaultNotifications",
+        "backup:PutBackupVaultNotifications",
+      ]
+      Resource = aws_backup_vault.test.arn
+    }]
+  })
+}
+`, rName))
+}