diff --git a/.changelog/31393.txt b/.changelog/31393.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cc15d35befd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/31393.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+```release-note:bug
+resource/aws_rbin_rule: Fix crash when multiple `resource_tags` blocks are configured
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/service/rbin/rule.go b/internal/service/rbin/rule.go
index e155884bdfb..9fec7e5055f 100644
--- a/internal/service/rbin/rule.go
+++ b/internal/service/rbin/rule.go
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ func resourceRuleUpdate(ctx context.Context, d *schema.ResourceData, meta interf
 	}
 
 	if d.HasChanges("resource_tags") {
-		in.ResourceTags = expandResourceTags(d.Get("resource_tags").([]interface{}))
+		in.ResourceTags = expandResourceTags(d.Get("resource_tags").(*schema.Set).List())
 		update = true
 	}
 
diff --git a/internal/service/rbin/rule_test.go b/internal/service/rbin/rule_test.go
index e31cf2d5a74..44e982e52f2 100644
--- a/internal/service/rbin/rule_test.go
+++ b/internal/service/rbin/rule_test.go
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func TestAccRBinRule_basic(t *testing.T) {
 		CheckDestroy:             testAccCheckRuleDestroy,
 		Steps: []resource.TestStep{
 			{
-				Config: testAccRuleConfig_basic(description, resourceType),
+				Config: testAccRuleConfig_basic1(description, resourceType),
 				Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
 					testAccCheckRuleExists(resourceName, &rule),
 					resource.TestCheckResourceAttr(resourceName, "description", description),
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ func TestAccRBinRule_basic(t *testing.T) {
 						"retention_period_unit":  "DAYS",
 					}),
 					resource.TestCheckTypeSetElemNestedAttrs(resourceName, "resource_tags.*", map[string]string{
-						"resource_tag_key":   "some_tag",
-						"resource_tag_value": "",
+						"resource_tag_key":   "some_tag1",
+						"resource_tag_value": "some_value1",
 					}),
 				),
 			},
@@ -55,6 +55,26 @@ func TestAccRBinRule_basic(t *testing.T) {
 				ImportState:       true,
 				ImportStateVerify: true,
 			},
+			{
+				Config: testAccRuleConfig_basic2(description, resourceType),
+				Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
+					testAccCheckRuleExists(resourceName, &rule),
+					resource.TestCheckResourceAttr(resourceName, "description", description),
+					resource.TestCheckResourceAttr(resourceName, "resource_type", resourceType),
+					resource.TestCheckTypeSetElemNestedAttrs(resourceName, "retention_period.*", map[string]string{
+						"retention_period_value": "10",
+						"retention_period_unit":  "DAYS",
+					}),
+					resource.TestCheckTypeSetElemNestedAttrs(resourceName, "resource_tags.*", map[string]string{
+						"resource_tag_key":   "some_tag3",
+						"resource_tag_value": "some_value3",
+					}),
+					resource.TestCheckTypeSetElemNestedAttrs(resourceName, "resource_tags.*", map[string]string{
+						"resource_tag_key":   "some_tag4",
+						"resource_tag_value": "some_value4",
+					}),
+				),
+			},
 		},
 	})
 }
@@ -76,7 +96,7 @@ func TestAccRBinRule_disappears(t *testing.T) {
 		CheckDestroy:             testAccCheckRuleDestroy,
 		Steps: []resource.TestStep{
 			{
-				Config: testAccRuleConfig_basic(description, resourceType),
+				Config: testAccRuleConfig_basic1(description, resourceType),
 				Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
 					testAccCheckRuleExists(resourceName, &rbinrule),
 					acctest.CheckResourceDisappears(ctx, acctest.Provider, tfrbin.ResourceRule(), resourceName),
@@ -218,15 +238,39 @@ func testAccCheckRuleExists(name string, rbinrule *rbin.GetRuleOutput) resource.
 	}
 }
 
-func testAccRuleConfig_basic(description, resourceType string) string {
+func testAccRuleConfig_basic1(description, resourceType string) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf(`
 resource "aws_rbin_rule" "test" {
   description   = %[1]q
   resource_type = %[2]q
 
   resource_tags {
-    resource_tag_key   = "some_tag"
-    resource_tag_value = ""
+    resource_tag_key   = "some_tag1"
+    resource_tag_value = "some_value1"
+  }
+
+  retention_period {
+    retention_period_value = 10
+    retention_period_unit  = "DAYS"
+  }
+}
+`, description, resourceType)
+}
+
+func testAccRuleConfig_basic2(description, resourceType string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`
+resource "aws_rbin_rule" "test" {
+  description   = %[1]q
+  resource_type = %[2]q
+
+  resource_tags {
+    resource_tag_key   = "some_tag3"
+    resource_tag_value = "some_value3"
+  }
+
+  resource_tags {
+    resource_tag_key   = "some_tag4"
+    resource_tag_value = "some_value4"
   }
 
   retention_period {