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Continuous Integration

When a Pull Request (PR) is opened, several automated checks are performed to ensure the new compiler still builds, passes tests, and does not break external projects. Since DMD runs on many platforms and lots of D infrastructure depends on it, they are spread over many CI services.

Troubleshooting failed checks

When your PR fails checks, click on the "Details" link next to it to see what the error is.

Most log files are the output of make, which prints the commands it invokes followed by the output of that command. Execution stops after a failed command, so errors can usually be found near the end of the log. Because of multi-threaded builds, they don't need to be at the very end however. You can Ctrl+F search for a triple asterisk *** to easily find failed commands.

Errors caused by the changes you made should be addressed by pushing new commits to your branch.

When it looks like the error is unrelated to your PR's changes, try rebasing your branch. First, ensure that you have a 'remote' pointing to both dlang/dmd and your own fork of dmd, for example:

git remote -v
origin  [email protected]:your-github-name/dmd.git (fetch)
origin  [email protected]:your-github-name/dmd.git (push)
upstream        [email protected]:dlang/dmd.git (fetch)
upstream        [email protected]:dlang/dmd.git (push)

If you don't have an upstream remote, you can add it with:

git remote add upstream [email protected]:dlang/dmd.git

Then, pull the latest changes from the branch that your PR is targeting (master or stable) and rebase your branch.

git checkout master
git pull --ff-only upstream master
git checkout your-branch
git rebase master
git push --force origin your-branch

Or more directly, without pulling in the changes locally:

git checkout your-branch
git fetch
git rebase upstream/master
git push --force origin your-branch

If your branch is already based on the latest commit, you get this message:

Current branch your-branch is up to date.

If you still want to re-run the checks, you can amend your last commit and force push:

git commit --amend
git push --force origin your-branch

When an unrelated failure persists, ask a maintainer for help.

Overview of checks

There are currently 49 checks.

Azure pipelines

Config: azure-pipelines.yml

Checks:

  • Azure pipelines
  • Azure pipelines (Windows_Coverage x64)
  • Azure pipelines (Windows_DMD_bootstrap x64)
  • Azure pipelines (Windows_DMD_latest x64)
  • Azure pipelines (Windows_VisualD_LDC x64_Debug)
  • Azure pipelines (Windows_VisualD_LDC x86-mscoff)
  • Azure pipelines (Windows_VisualD_LDC x86-mscoff_MinGW)

Azure pipelines run on Windows platforms, and build DMD, Phobos and Druntime, and run their unittests. Windows has two binary formats: 32-bit COFF, and 64-bit COFF.

DAutoTest

Config: CyberShadow/DAutoTest

Checks:

  • CyberShadow/DAutoTest — Documentation

DMD includes a documentation generator, which is also used to build the dlang.org website. DAutoTest does the following:

  • Builds the documentation by invoking the dlang.org makefile.

  • This necessarily also builds the compiler, runtime, standard library, and fetches some dependencies.

  • Saves the resulting HTML files and makes them available for preview.

  • Allows looking at the differences in generated HTML between the base branch and the PR branch.

If your changelog entry has incorrect DDoc syntax, it will be caught by this check.

auto-tester

Config: private

Checks:

  • auto-tester

The auto tester tests DMD on various Posix platforms.

C++ interop tests

Config: azure-pipelines.yml

Checks:

  • C++ interop tests / Run (macos-13, clang-13.0.0)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (macos-13, clang-12.0.0)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (macos-13, clang-11.0.0)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (macos-13, clang-10.0.0)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (macos-13, clang-9.0.0)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (macos-13, clang-8.0.0)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (ubuntu-20.04, clang-13.0.0)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (ubuntu-20.04, clang-12.0.0)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (ubuntu-20.04, clang-11.0.0)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (ubuntu-20.04, g++-11)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (ubuntu-20.04, g++-10)
  • C++ interop tests / Run (ubuntu-20.04, g++-9)

Github action to test for C++ interoperability

Most tests in the test-suite run on the CI when it comes to cross-platform testing. However, the dlang auto-tester uses a somewhat old host C/C++ compiler. This is good for testing compatibility with e.g. LTS distributions, but becomes problematic when we want to test more cutting-edge features, such as newer C++ standards (C++17, C++20, etc...). This is the reason why we have this action: we have full control over the toolchain, and it's cross platform.

Codecov

Config: .codecov.yml

Checks:

  • codecov/patch

Codecov checks code coverage, meaning that the lines of code you modified are executed at least once in the test suite. While there are currently no hard constraints on coverage for a Pull Request to pass the check, it does emit warnings for modified lines that are not covered into the "Files Changed" tab. These should be taken seriously, since untested code is likely to introduce bugs, and can easily be accidentally broken by future changes.

CirrusCI

Config: .cirrus.yml

Checks:

  • FreeBSD 12.3 x64, DMD (bootstrap)
  • FreeBSD 13.0 x64, DMD (coverage)
  • FreeBSD 13.0 x64, DMD (latest)
  • Ubuntu 22.04 x64, DMD (bootstrap)
  • Ubuntu 22.04 x64, DMD (latest)
  • Ubuntu 22.04 x64, GDC
  • Ubuntu 22.04 x64, LDC
  • Ubuntu 22.04 x86, DMD (bootstrap)
  • Ubuntu 22.04 x86, DMD (coverage)
  • Ubuntu 22.04 x86, DMD (latest)
  • macOS 12.x x64 (M1), DMD (bootstrap)
  • macOS 13.x x64 (M1), DMD (coverage)
  • macOS 13.x x64 (M1), DMD (latest)

Cirrus tests DMD on Posix platforms.

Since DMD is written in D, a "Host D Compiler" is needed to compile it. Various host compilers are tested, such as GDC, LDC, the latest DMD, and an older verison of DMD (bootstrap). Note that the GDC and LDC targets do not run any tests, the simply build the latest version of the dmd frontend.

Sometimes the macOS VMs get corrupted. When that happens, you can file an issue on Cirrus' issue tracker, like this one.

pre-commit

Config: .pre-commit-config.yaml

Checks:

  • pre_commit

pre-commit checks for redundant white space, such as trailing whitespace and newlines.

If you want to automatically make your changes comply with the check, you can download pre-commit via your package manager, or with pip. See https://pre-commit.com/.

Run pre-commit install inside the root of the repository, This will add a hook into .git/hooks/pre-commit. Every time you do a commit it will do pre-commit checks.

If you already have a custom pre-commit hook, you can modify the bash script to run pre-commit manually with pre-commit run. pre-commit is designed to run only on diffed files so it will run pretty quickly, but if you want to for it to run on all files you can do pre-commit run --all-files.

buildkite

Config: ci/buildkite

Checks:

  • buildkite

Buildkite tests that the compiler is still able to compile and pass the test suite of several popular D projects.

The configuration file is found in a separate repository, since it is shared by druntime and Phobos.

CircleCI

Config: .circleci/config.yml

Checks:

  • ci/circleci: build

CircleCI tests DMD on Ubuntu 18.04.

It also tests that the automatically generated C++ header, frontend.h, is updated. This is important because other compilers sharing the front-end (LDC and GDC) rely on DMD's header files to interface with it. When a PR modifies an extern(C++) function, the corresponding signature in a .h file should be updated as well, see cxx-headers-test.