diff --git a/catchup/fetcher_test.go b/catchup/fetcher_test.go
index dab8da4688..e219852bf4 100644
--- a/catchup/fetcher_test.go
+++ b/catchup/fetcher_test.go
@@ -66,8 +66,7 @@ func buildTestLedger(t *testing.T, blk bookkeeping.Block) (ledger *data.Ledger,
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
 	ledger, err = data.LoadLedger(
-		log, t.Name(), inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, "", genHash,
-		nil, cfg,
+		log, t.Name(), inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, "", genHash, cfg,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("couldn't build ledger", err)
diff --git a/catchup/pref_test.go b/catchup/pref_test.go
index 38b2a9d16e..a72ed855ec 100644
--- a/catchup/pref_test.go
+++ b/catchup/pref_test.go
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func BenchmarkServiceFetchBlocks(b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		inMem := true
 		prefix := b.Name() + "empty" + strconv.Itoa(i)
-		local, err := data.LoadLedger(logging.TestingLog(b), prefix, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genesisBalances, "", crypto.Digest{}, nil, cfg)
+		local, err := data.LoadLedger(logging.TestingLog(b), prefix, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genesisBalances, "", crypto.Digest{}, cfg)
 		require.NoError(b, err)
 
 		// Make Service
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func benchenv(t testing.TB, numAccounts, numBlocks int) (ledger, emptyLedger *da
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
 	prefix := t.Name() + "empty"
-	emptyLedger, err = data.LoadLedger(logging.TestingLog(t), prefix, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genesisBalances, "", crypto.Digest{}, nil, cfg)
+	emptyLedger, err = data.LoadLedger(logging.TestingLog(t), prefix, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genesisBalances, "", crypto.Digest{}, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	ledger, err = datatest.FabricateLedger(logging.TestingLog(t), t.Name(), parts, genesisBalances, emptyLedger.LastRound()+basics.Round(numBlocks))
diff --git a/daemon/algod/api/server/v2/test/helpers.go b/daemon/algod/api/server/v2/test/helpers.go
index ad028fc8ae..5ba5256d63 100644
--- a/daemon/algod/api/server/v2/test/helpers.go
+++ b/daemon/algod/api/server/v2/test/helpers.go
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ func testingenvWithBalances(t testing.TB, minMoneyAtStart, maxMoneyAtStart, numA
 	const inMem = true
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
-	ledger, err := data.LoadLedger(logging.Base(), t.Name(), inMem, protocol.ConsensusFuture, bootstrap, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := data.LoadLedger(logging.Base(), t.Name(), inMem, protocol.ConsensusFuture, bootstrap, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
diff --git a/data/common_test.go b/data/common_test.go
index 6079f4a226..6f947067fa 100644
--- a/data/common_test.go
+++ b/data/common_test.go
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func testingenv(t testing.TB, numAccounts, numTxs int, offlineAccounts bool) (*L
 	const inMem = true
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(logging.Base(), t.Name(), inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, bootstrap, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(logging.Base(), t.Name(), inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, bootstrap, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
diff --git a/data/datatest/fabricateLedger.go b/data/datatest/fabricateLedger.go
index 9ad7bed4fc..cfde34af8a 100644
--- a/data/datatest/fabricateLedger.go
+++ b/data/datatest/fabricateLedger.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func FabricateLedger(log logging.Logger, ledgerName string, accounts []account.P
 	const inMem = true
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
-	ledger, err := data.LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genesis, "", crypto.Digest{}, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := data.LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genesis, "", crypto.Digest{}, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/data/ledger.go b/data/ledger.go
index fa3b958373..579d324d0b 100644
--- a/data/ledger.go
+++ b/data/ledger.go
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ type roundSeed struct {
 func LoadLedger[T string | ledger.DirsAndPrefix](
 	log logging.Logger, dir T, memory bool,
 	genesisProto protocol.ConsensusVersion, genesisBal bookkeeping.GenesisBalances, genesisID string, genesisHash crypto.Digest,
-	blockListeners []ledgercore.BlockListener, cfg config.Local,
+	cfg config.Local,
 ) (*Ledger, error) {
 	if genesisBal.Balances == nil {
 		genesisBal.Balances = make(map[basics.Address]basics.AccountData)
@@ -115,7 +115,6 @@ func LoadLedger[T string | ledger.DirsAndPrefix](
 	}
 
 	l.Ledger = ll
-	l.RegisterBlockListeners(blockListeners)
 	return l, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/data/txHandler_test.go b/data/txHandler_test.go
index 896fbb161d..d395779f33 100644
--- a/data/txHandler_test.go
+++ b/data/txHandler_test.go
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func BenchmarkTxHandlerProcessing(b *testing.B) {
 	cfg.Archival = true
 	cfg.TxBacklogReservedCapacityPerPeer = 1
 	cfg.IncomingConnectionsLimit = 10
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(b, err)
 	defer ledger.Close()
 
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ func TestTxHandlerProcessIncomingCacheTxPoolDrop(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg.Archival = true
 	cfg.EnableTxBacklogRateLimiting = false
 	cfg.TxIncomingFilteringFlags = 3 // txFilterRawMsg + txFilterCanonical
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer ledger.Close()
 
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ func incomingTxHandlerProcessing(maxGroupSize, numberOfTransactionGroups int, t
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
 	cfg.EnableTxBacklogRateLimiting = false
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer ledger.Close()
 
@@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@ func (g *txGenerator) makeLedger(tb testing.TB, cfg config.Local, log logging.Lo
 	ledgerName := fmt.Sprintf("%s-in_mem-w_inv=%d", namePrefix, ivrString)
 	ledgerName = strings.Replace(ledgerName, "#", "-", 1)
 	const inMem = true
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(tb, err)
 	return ledger
 }
@@ -2183,7 +2183,7 @@ func TestTxHandlerRememberReportErrorsWithTxPool(t *testing.T) { //nolint:parall
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
 	cfg.TxPoolSize = config.MaxTxGroupSize + 1
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer ledger.Close()
 
@@ -2419,7 +2419,7 @@ func TestTxHandlerRestartWithBacklogAndTxPool(t *testing.T) { //nolint:parallelt
 	const inMem = true
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer ledger.Ledger.Close()
 
@@ -2524,7 +2524,7 @@ func TestTxHandlerAppRateLimiterERLEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg.TxBacklogServiceRateWindowSeconds = 1
 	cfg.TxBacklogAppTxPerSecondRate = 3
 	cfg.TxBacklogSize = 3
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, bookkeeping.GenesisBalances{}, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, bookkeeping.GenesisBalances{}, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer ledger.Close()
 
@@ -2636,7 +2636,7 @@ func TestTxHandlerAppRateLimiter(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg.TxBacklogAppTxRateLimiterMaxSize = 100
 	cfg.TxBacklogServiceRateWindowSeconds = 1
 	cfg.TxBacklogAppTxPerSecondRate = 3
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer ledger.Close()
 
@@ -2705,7 +2705,7 @@ func TestTxHandlerCapGuard(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg.IncomingConnectionsLimit = 1
 	cfg.TxBacklogSize = 3
 
-	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer ledger.Close()
 
diff --git a/ledger/ledger.go b/ledger/ledger.go
index 2cc1b36ee1..7459c23037 100644
--- a/ledger/ledger.go
+++ b/ledger/ledger.go
@@ -210,6 +210,10 @@ func (l *Ledger) reloadLedger() error {
 	l.trackerMu.Lock()
 	defer l.trackerMu.Unlock()
 
+	// save block listeners to recover them later
+	blockListeners := make([]ledgercore.BlockListener, 0, len(l.notifier.listeners))
+	blockListeners = append(blockListeners, l.notifier.listeners...)
+
 	// close the trackers.
 	l.trackers.close()
 
@@ -256,6 +260,9 @@ func (l *Ledger) reloadLedger() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// restore block listeners since l.notifier might not survive a reload
+	l.notifier.register(blockListeners)
+
 	// post-init actions
 	if trackerDBInitParams.VacuumOnStartup || l.cfg.OptimizeAccountsDatabaseOnStartup {
 		err = l.accts.vacuumDatabase(context.Background())
@@ -423,6 +430,8 @@ func (l *Ledger) Close() {
 // RegisterBlockListeners registers listeners that will be called when a
 // new block is added to the ledger.
 func (l *Ledger) RegisterBlockListeners(listeners []ledgercore.BlockListener) {
+	l.trackerMu.RLock()
+	defer l.trackerMu.RUnlock()
 	l.notifier.register(listeners)
 }
 
diff --git a/ledger/ledger_test.go b/ledger/ledger_test.go
index 2a9666688b..968e6d8b21 100644
--- a/ledger/ledger_test.go
+++ b/ledger/ledger_test.go
@@ -3422,5 +3422,40 @@ func TestLedgerRetainMinOffCatchpointInterval(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}()
 	}
+}
+
+type testBlockListener struct {
+	id int
+}
+
+func (t *testBlockListener) OnNewBlock(bookkeeping.Block, ledgercore.StateDelta) {}
+
+// TestLedgerRegisterBlockListeners ensures that the block listeners survive reloadLedger
+func TestLedgerRegisterBlockListeners(t *testing.T) {
+	partitiontest.PartitionTest(t)
+
+	genBalances, _, _ := ledgertesting.NewTestGenesis()
+	var genHash crypto.Digest
+	crypto.RandBytes(genHash[:])
+	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
+	l := newSimpleLedgerFull(t, genBalances, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genHash, cfg)
+	defer l.Close()
 
+	l.RegisterBlockListeners([]ledgercore.BlockListener{&testBlockListener{1}, &testBlockListener{2}})
+	l.RegisterBlockListeners([]ledgercore.BlockListener{&testBlockListener{3}})
+
+	require.Equal(t, 3, len(l.notifier.listeners))
+	var ids []int
+	for _, bl := range l.notifier.listeners {
+		ids = append(ids, bl.(*testBlockListener).id)
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, ids)
+
+	l.reloadLedger()
+
+	ids = nil
+	for _, bl := range l.notifier.listeners {
+		ids = append(ids, bl.(*testBlockListener).id)
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, ids)
 }
diff --git a/node/assemble_test.go b/node/assemble_test.go
index 51ff7d8edc..d2bf4dd7f7 100644
--- a/node/assemble_test.go
+++ b/node/assemble_test.go
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func BenchmarkAssembleBlock(b *testing.B) {
 	const inMem = true
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
-	ledger, err := data.LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := data.LoadLedger(log, ledgerName, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(b, err)
 
 	l := ledger
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ func TestAssembleBlockTransactionPoolBehind(t *testing.T) {
 	const inMem = true
 	cfg := config.GetDefaultLocal()
 	cfg.Archival = true
-	ledger, err := data.LoadLedger(log, "ledgerName", inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, nil, cfg)
+	ledger, err := data.LoadLedger(log, "ledgerName", inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, genesisID, genesisHash, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	l := ledger
diff --git a/node/follower_node.go b/node/follower_node.go
index 8483f14679..e475b25481 100644
--- a/node/follower_node.go
+++ b/node/follower_node.go
@@ -116,17 +116,13 @@ func MakeFollower(log logging.Logger, rootDir string, cfg config.Local, phoneboo
 		DBFilePrefix:        config.LedgerFilenamePrefix,
 		ResolvedGenesisDirs: node.genesisDirs,
 	}
-	node.ledger, err = data.LoadLedger(node.log, ledgerPaths, false, genesis.Proto, genalloc, node.genesisID, node.genesisHash, []ledgercore.BlockListener{}, cfg)
+	node.ledger, err = data.LoadLedger(node.log, ledgerPaths, false, genesis.Proto, genalloc, node.genesisID, node.genesisHash, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Cannot initialize ledger (%v): %v", ledgerPaths, err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	blockListeners := []ledgercore.BlockListener{
-		node,
-	}
-
-	node.ledger.RegisterBlockListeners(blockListeners)
+	node.ledger.RegisterBlockListeners([]ledgercore.BlockListener{node})
 
 	if cfg.IsGossipServer() {
 		rpcs.MakeHealthService(node.net)
diff --git a/node/node.go b/node/node.go
index 6c77b4fbc0..58160ff3e0 100644
--- a/node/node.go
+++ b/node/node.go
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ func MakeFull(log logging.Logger, rootDir string, cfg config.Local, phonebookAdd
 		DBFilePrefix:        config.LedgerFilenamePrefix,
 		ResolvedGenesisDirs: node.genesisDirs,
 	}
-	node.ledger, err = data.LoadLedger(node.log, ledgerPaths, false, genesis.Proto, genalloc, node.genesisID, node.genesisHash, []ledgercore.BlockListener{}, cfg)
+	node.ledger, err = data.LoadLedger(node.log, ledgerPaths, false, genesis.Proto, genalloc, node.genesisID, node.genesisHash, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Cannot initialize ledger (%v): %v", ledgerPaths, err)
 		return nil, err
@@ -246,12 +246,7 @@ func MakeFull(log logging.Logger, rootDir string, cfg config.Local, phonebookAdd
 
 	node.transactionPool = pools.MakeTransactionPool(node.ledger.Ledger, cfg, node.log, node)
 
-	blockListeners := []ledgercore.BlockListener{
-		node.transactionPool,
-		node,
-	}
-
-	node.ledger.RegisterBlockListeners(blockListeners)
+	node.ledger.RegisterBlockListeners([]ledgercore.BlockListener{node.transactionPool, node})
 	txHandlerOpts := data.TxHandlerOpts{
 		TxPool:        node.transactionPool,
 		ExecutionPool: node.lowPriorityCryptoVerificationPool,
@@ -1211,6 +1206,7 @@ func (node *AlgorandFullNode) SetCatchpointCatchupMode(catchpointCatchupMode boo
 			return
 		}
 		defer node.mu.Unlock()
+
 		// start
 		node.transactionPool.Reset()
 		node.catchupService.Start()
diff --git a/node/node_test.go b/node/node_test.go
index dabb7958a5..54f2e1e6cc 100644
--- a/node/node_test.go
+++ b/node/node_test.go
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ func setupFullNodes(t *testing.T, proto protocol.ConsensusVersion, verificationP
 		cfg, err := config.LoadConfigFromDisk(rootDirectory)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		cfg.Archival = true
-		_, err = data.LoadLedger(logging.Base().With("name", nodeID), ledgerFilenamePrefix, inMem, g.Proto, bootstrap, g.ID(), g.Hash(), nil, cfg)
+		_, err = data.LoadLedger(logging.Base().With("name", nodeID), ledgerFilenamePrefix, inMem, g.Proto, bootstrap, g.ID(), g.Hash(), cfg)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/rpcs/blockService_test.go b/rpcs/blockService_test.go
index 3aab7c4abb..7b1f756f08 100644
--- a/rpcs/blockService_test.go
+++ b/rpcs/blockService_test.go
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ func makeLedger(t *testing.T, namePostfix string) *data.Ledger {
 	prefix := t.Name() + namePostfix
 	ledger, err := data.LoadLedger(
 		log, prefix, inMem, protocol.ConsensusCurrentVersion, genBal, "", genHash,
-		nil, cfg,
+		cfg,
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return ledger